Shawarwari Ga Gwamnatin Tarayya Kan Hanyoyin Ciyar Da Najeriya Gaba A Fannin Kimiyya Da Ƙere-Ƙere (4)

Tarihin Ci Gaban Najeriya a Fannin Ƙere-ƙere (2)

Bayan sun karɓi madafun iko a hannunsu, sai suka fara ɓullo da dokoki don sauya akalar ci gaban tattalin arziƙi, da wasu sababbin tsare-tsaren shugabanci a ƙoƙarinsu na ganin sun tabbatar da riƙonsu a kanmu.  Daga nan suka gina tituna, da dogayen hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa don haɗe manyan biranen ƙasar zuwa bakin gaɓar teku.  Sun yi hakan ne kuwa don samun sauƙin kwashe kayayyakin masarufi ta manyan jiragen ruwan da suka jibge a bakin gaɓar tekun Atilantika.  A haka suka ci gaba da mulkin mallaka, suna daɗa faɗaɗa ƙasar, suna shuka tasirinsu, suna kuma ɗebe abinda suke buƙata na amfanin ƙasarmu don kaiwa ƙasashensu.

Galibin waɗannan ayyuka sun yi su ne da kuɗaɗen da ƙasar ta samar daga albarkatun noma – irin su gyaɗa da auduga da koko da katakai da sauransu.  Bayan sun bamu ‘yancin kanmu (a siyasance), sai muka gano man fetur, daga nan sai kamfanonin haƙon mai suka shigo, nan take sai kuɗaɗen shiga ya ƙaru; musamman cikin shekarar 1973, sa’adda rikici yayi tsamari a tsakanin Falasɗinawa da Ƙasar Isra’ila.  Cikin wannan shekara ƙasar nan ta samu kuɗaɗe masu ɗimbin yawa daga cinikin ɗanyen mai, saboda ƙasashen Larabawa sun sanya takunkumin sayar da mai ga ƙasashen Yamma, don haka suka koma sayen ɗanyen mai daga Najeriya da sauran ƙasashen dake Kudancin Amurka.  Da galibin kuɗaɗen da aka samu a wannan shekara ne aka gina shahararrun Jami’o’in ƙasar nan, da manyan gadojin dake birnin Legas, da Kwalejin Fasaha da wasu daga cikin Cibiyoyin Binciken Kimiyya da dai sauransu.  Sauran kuɗaɗen kuma aka yi gagarumin bikin al’adun nan mai taken Festac ’77, lokacin mulkin shugaba Obasanjo karo na farko.

Daga wannan lokaci ne shugabannin Najeriya suka fara rasa alƙibla a fannin ci gaban ƙasar nan, har a ƙarshe muka samu kanmu cikin wannan halin da muke ciki.  A halin yanzu ga wasu daga cikin dalilan da suka jefa ƙasarmu cikin ci baya ko ince rashin ci gaba a wannan fanni:

Mummunan Tasirin Mulkin Mallaka

Kamar yadda kowa ya sani daga baya, duk ƙasashen da suka shahara wajen mulkin mallaka ga wasu ƙasashe a duniya sun yi hakan ne don amfanin kansu.  Domin bayan ƙoƙarin da suka yi wajen kwashe kayayyakin masarufi, sun kuma taimaka wa kamfanonin dake ƙasashensu wajen tallata hajojin da suke ƙerawa.  Hakan kuma bai yiwu musu ta daɗi ba, sai da suka ƙirƙiri dokokin da suka daƙushe hanyoyin ƙere-ƙeren dake ƙasashen da suke mallaka.

Hukumar Burtaniya ta taimaka wajen shigowa da bindigogi, da kayayyakin alatun ɗaki, da kekunan hawa, da takalma, kai hatta ababen shaye-shaye na barasa ta taimaka wajen shigowa da su.  A wasu bangarorin Najeriya – musamman kudanci – hukumar mulkin mallaka ta haramta sayarwa da shan giyar “gwaggwaro” wacce ake tsimawa a kauyuka.  Ba don komai tayi haka ba sai don taimaka wa kasuwar barasar turai ta samu fadada.  Wannan tsari na daƙushe ƙoƙarin ‘yan ƙasa da kashe wa hajarsu kasuwa don ciyar da kasuwar hajojin ƙasashen turai gaba, ta yi mummunar tasiri wajen daƙushe ci gaban kimiyya da ƙere-ƙere a ƙasar nan. A cikin littafinsa mai suna How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Farfesa Walter Rodney, wani shahararren malamin tarihi da siyasar tattalin arziƙin ƙasa na ƙasar Gayana, ya yi bayani filla-filla kan yadda turawan mulkin mallaka suka tsiyata al’ummar da suka mulkesu.  Duk mai buƙatar Karin bayani, to ya nemi wannan littafi.

Raunanan Tsarin Karantarwa

A tabbace yake cewa hanya mafi tasiri wajen samar da ingantaccen ilmin kimiyya da ƙere-ƙere na zamani, ita ce ta hanyar ilmin zamani.  Duk wanda yayi la’akari da manhajar karatun da muka gada daga turawan mulkin mallaka zai fahimci cewa lallai ba manufar Turawa bane ci gabanmu a kowane fanni ma.  Bayan kashe tsarin karatun ajami da suka yi a shekarar 1913, sun tabbatar da cewa babu wani ɗan ƙasa da darajar karatunsa ta wuce sakandare ko elamantare.  Amfanin hakan ma, kamar yadda shugabannin mulkin mallakar suka tabbatar da bakinsu, shi ne don samar da ƙananan ma’aikata masu musu hidima a ofisoshi, da kotuna, da kuma waɗanda za su riƙa yi musu tafinta.  Ga abin da Lord Lugard yake cewa cikin shekarar 1921:

“Babban manufar gwamnatin (mulkin mallaka) wajen kafa makarantun firamare da sakandare a tsakanin ‘yan ƙasa shi ne don ilmantar da yara masu hazaƙa daga cikinsu don su zama malamai a waɗannan makarantu, ko akawu a ƙananan kotuna da kuma samar da masu tafinta a tsakaninsu.”  (Lord Lugard 1921). 

A nashi ɓangaren kuma, Rev. J. C. Taylor, ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin addini ƙarƙashin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka, ya ƙara da cewa sun karantar da yara a waɗannan makarantu ne don taimaka musu wajen kira zuwa ga addinin kirista.  Don haka suka dage wajen karantar dasu haruffan latin, wato: “A B C D.”  Ya faɗi hakan ne a shekarar 1857.  Wannan tasa a duk tsawon zaman gwamnatin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya, in ban da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Yaba dake Legas da aka gina don samar da ƙwararru “masu matsakaicin ilmi” kan fasahar ƙere-ƙere, duk sauran makarantun sakandare ne da firamare da aka ƙirƙiro don samar da ma’aikatan ofis da masu tafinta ko ƙananan ma’aikatan kotu.  Ko kaɗan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka bata damu da inganta tsarin ilmi ba balle har a samu wasu ƙwararru da za su motsa ci gaban kimiyya da ƙere-ƙere a ƙasar nan.