Yadda Yankewar Wayoyin Sadarwar Intanet a Teku Ya Kawo Cikas a Tsarin Sadarwar Intanet a Najeriya Da Wasu Ƙasashen Afirka

Litinin, 11 Ga Watan Maris, 2024

A ranar Litinin da ta gabata ne dai al’ummar Najeriya da sauran al’ummomin dake ƙasashen Afirka ta yamma da Afirka ta Kudu suka wayi gari cikin rashi ko ƙarancin ingancin siginar sadarwa ta Intanet, musamman waɗanda ke ta’ammali da Intanet ta kamfanonin sadarwar wayar salula irin su MTN, da Airtel da 9Mobile.  Waɗanda wannan matsala bata ritsa dasu ba sai masu amfani da tsarin sadarwar kamfanin Globacom dake Najeriya.  Wannan matsala ta rashin ingancin siginar sadarwar Intanet ta wayoyin salula dai ta shafi masu amfani da manhajar bankuna (Banking Mobile App) wajen aiwatar da hada-hadar kuɗaɗe, da masu amfani da shafukan Intanet kai tsaye (Internet Banking) don yin hakan su ma. Da kamfanoni da hukumomin gwamnati dake samun siginar Intanet ta kafafen sadarwar MTN da Airtel da 9mobile da na kamfanin Swift Networks. 

Bayan su, hatta masu samun siginar Intanet ta kamfanonin sadarwar da ba na wayar salula ba, wato Internet Service Providers (ISPs), su ma basu tsira daga wannan matsala ba.  A taƙaice dai, tun daga wannan yini na jumma’a ake fama da ƙaranci ko rashin siginar sadarwar Intanet a wayoyin salula tsakanin Najeriya da wasu ƙasashen dake yammaci da kudancin Afirka.

Dalilan Tsaiko

Sa’o’i kaɗan da bayyanar wannan matsala sai Hukumar Sadarwa ta Ƙasa (National Communication Commission – NCC) ta fitar da sanarwa dake bayyana dalilin samuwar wannan tsaiko daga kamfanonin sadarwa, da irin ƙoƙarin da kamfanonin da abin ya shafa suke yi wajen ganin sun warware wannan matsala.  A cewar hukumar, wannan tsaiko ya samo asali ne daga tsinkewar wasu wayoyin sadarwa nau’in wayoyin kebul dake shimfiɗe a ƙarƙarshin tekun Bahar maliya, wato Red Sea, waɗanda su ne ke bai wa wasu kamfanonin sadarwar Intanet sigina da yanayin sadarwar da ake amfani dasu wajen ma’amala da shafukan Intanet ta wayoyin salula da kwamfuta.

Hukumar NCC taci gaba da cewa, waɗannan wayoyin kebul dai sun tsinke ne a daidai ƙasar Ivory Coast da Gambia, amma tasirin tsinkewarsu ya shafi al’ummar dake amfani da Intanet a ƙasashen Yammaci da Kudancin Afirka baki ɗaya.  Kamfanonin da wannan matsala ta rutsa dasu dai su ne:  kamfanin sadarwa na West Africa Cable System (WACS), da Africa Coast to Europe (ACE), da kamfanin MainOne wanda ke bai wa kamfanonin sadarwar Intanet wajen bakwai a Najeriya – ciki har da kamfanin Swift Networks da MTN – siginar Intanet a Najeriya da wasu ƙasashen.  Sai kamfani na ƙarshe, wato kamfanin SAT3.

Waɗannan kamfanoni da sunayensu suka gabata su ne waɗanda ke bai wa kamfanonin sadarwar wayar salula da kamfanonin sadarwar Intanet da ake kira: Internet Service Providers, ko ISPs a gajarce, siginar Intanet (Internet Service) ta hanyar manyan wayoyin kebul na sadarwa da suka shimfiɗa su a ƙarƙashin tekunan duniya, don ɗarsano siginar Intanet daga tushe zuwa inda ake bukatarsu.  Har zuwa wannan lokaci dai babu wata ƙaƙƙwarar dalili da aka jingina wa sanadin katsewar waɗannan wayoyi masu tsauri a wannan bigire ko nahiya ta Afirka.  Ana kuma sa ran cewa kafin a shawo kan wannan matsala dai sai an ɗauki kusan makonni biyar, kamar yadda kamfanin MainOne ya tabbatar a makon jiya.

Bayan wannan matsala da aka samu a nahiyar Afirka, rahotanni sun nuna cewa akwai wasu wayoyin da suka katse har wa yau a tsakanin ƙarƙashin tekun Pacific dake nahiyar Turai, zuwa bakin gaɓar tekun Afirka.  Wannan matsala ita ma ta haifar da tsaikon sadarwar siginar Intanet a ƙasar Portugal da wasun ƙasashen dake maƙotaka da ita a wannan bigire.  Kuma kamfanonin wayoyin sadarwar da wannan matsala ta ritsa dasu su ne: kamfanin Seacom, da kamfanin Europe India Gateway (EIG), sai kuma kamfanin Asia-Africa-Europe 1, ko AAE1 a gajarce.  Har zuwa lokacin da nake wannan rubutu dai babu wata sanarwa da ta jingina dalilan katsewar waɗannan wayoyi a wannan bigire shi ma.  Illa dai akwai raɗe-raɗin cewa wataƙila yan ƙungiyar tawayen Hauthi dake ƙasar Yaman ne suke da alhakin wannan ɗanyen aiki.  Musamman ganin yadda ake ta ɗauki-ba-daɗi dasu wajen fasaƙwaurin jiragen ruwa da suke yi a tekun Indiya don yin martani kan ɗaurin gindin da ƙasashen Yamma, musamman Amurka suke yi ga kisan ƙare-dangin da ƙasar Isra’ila ke yi wa Falasɗinawa a Zirin Gaza, sama da watanni biyar yanzu.

Tasirin Wayoyin Sadarwar Ƙarƙashin Teku

An fara shimfiɗa wayoyin sadarwa a ƙarƙashin teku ne tun cikin ƙarni na 19, cikin shekarar 1858 tsakanin ƙasar Canada da ƙasar Ireland dake nahiyar Turai.  A lokacin nan ana amfani da fasahar sadarwa ta Telegram ce, kuma idan aka aika sako ɗaya, sai ya yi sa’o’i goma shatakwas kafin ya isa inda aka aika shi.  Sai dai kuma ta la’akari da yanayin sadarwa a lokacin, gani ake kamar ƙiftawa da bismilla ne.  Bayan mako biyu da shimfiɗa wannan wayo nau’in zaiba, sai wayar ta tsinke. Daga nan hukumomin ƙasashen Amurka da sauran ƙasashen Turai suka ci gaba da shimfiɗa ire-iren waɗannan wayoyi nau’in kebul don sadarwa tsakanin nahiyoyin duniya, a ɓangaren tsaro.

Ya zuwa yanzu dai, akwai wayoyin kebul na sadarwa dake shimfiɗe a ƙarƙashin tekunan duniya, wanda tsayinsu yayi kusan nisan kilomita miliyan ɗaya da dubu ɗari hudu.  Kuma a duk cikin sakwan guda ana aikawa da karɓan saƙonnin da yawansu ya kai terabyte 224 (224 Terabyte).  Kuma kamfanonin da suka mallaki waɗannan wayoyi dai sun haɗa da manyan kamfanonin wayar salula na ƙasashen Amurka da turai, irin su AT&T, da T-Mobile, da manyan kamfanonin sadarwa na duniyar yau irin su Google, da Microsoft, da Amazon.  Saƙonnin da ake aikawa dasu ta cikin waɗannan wayoyi dai sun haɗa da saƙonnin sauti na tarho, da rubutattun saƙonni da bidiyo, da hotuna da kuma taswirori.  A taƙaice dai, duk sadda kayi amfani da fasahar Intanet ta wayar salula ko kwamfuta, duk bayanan da kake ta’ammali dasu a shafin wayar ko kwamfutar suna zurowa ne ta hanyar waɗannan wayoyi nau’in kebul.

A farkon lamari dai, dalilan dake tsinka waɗannan wayoyi dai sun haɗa da manyan kifayen dake gwaguyansu a hankali har su tsinka su.  Sai matsalar girgizar ƙasa dake faruwa lokaci zuwa lokaci a ƙasan teku.  Amma a yau ire-iren waɗannan dalilan sun ƙaru, inda wasu ƙasashe kan yanke wayoyin don katse wasu ƙasashe daga sadarwa da gangar saboda manufar siyasa, kamar yadda ya faru a lokacin da marigayi Saddam Hussein ya mamaye ƙasar Kuwait, inda ƙasar Amurka ta yanke wayoyin dake kai sadarwa zuwa ƙasar Iraƙi ta ƙarƙashin teku.