Fasahar “SMS”: Shekaru 30 Bayan Ƙirƙira (2)

2000

Ana shiga shekarar 2000, sai Hukumar Haɓaka Harkar Sadarwa ta Duniya, wato International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ta fitar da wasu sababbin hanyoyin haɓaka tsarin sadarwa na wayar salula da ta sanya wa suna “International Mobile Telecommunications-2000”, ko kuma “IMT-2000” a gajarce.  Wannan sabuwar hanyar sadarwa ta wayar salula da ITU ta ɓullo dasu dai, wani ayarin ƙa’idojin sadarwa ne dake sawwaƙe yanayin kira da sadar dashi, da aikawa da saƙonnin tes (SMS), da tsarin kira ta hanyar bidiyo (Video Call), da kuma tsarin GPRS da dai sauransu.  Bayan haka, ƙarƙashin wannan tsari, na’urorin sadarwa na iya aikawa da saƙonni nau’uka daban-daban a lokaci ɗaya.

Misali, wayar salularka na iya karɓar sakon tes a lokacin da kake amsa kira ko magana da wani a wayar.  A taƙaice dai an samu nau’ukan hanyoyin sadarwa da dama, da kuma ingancin kayayyakin sadarwar; inda kamfanonin ƙera wayoyin salula da harkar sadarwa suka yawaita, aka kuma samu na’ukansu da yawa.

Ƙarƙashin wannan marhala ta sadarwa an samu ci gaba a ɓangaren fasahar saƙon tes.  An samar da fasahar Rich SMS, wanda ke iya baka damar maƙala adireshin yanar sadarwa a matsayin saƙo, wato Hypertext Link kenan.  Daga nan kamfanonin kasuwanci suka samu hanyar amfani da fasahar tes  wajen tallata hajojinsu kai tsaye ga mutane.  A cikin saƙon sukan ɗora adireshin shafinsu na Intanet, wanda kana matsawa za a zarce dakai kan shafin kamfanin da ke Intanet, kai tsaye.  Haƙiƙa wannan tsari ya daɗa taimakawa wajen yaɗa shaharar wannan fasaha ta SMS a duniya, musamman ma  a ƙasashe masu tasowa.

2002

A wannan shekara ne kamfanonin wayar salula a duniya suka fara samar da tsarin aika hotuna da bidiyo da sauti ta hanyar fasahar saƙon tes.  Wannan tsari shi ake kira: “Multimedia Service” (MMS).  A lokacin ne fasahar Intanet a wayar salula ke kan bayyana da haɓaka.  Wannan ya daɗa bai wa kamfanonin kasuwanci damar aika wa mutane saƙonni masu launi ta hanyar hotuna da bidiyo.  A lokacin ne gidajen talabijin suka fara karɓan saƙonnin tes daga masu kallon shirye-shiryensu, wasu ma suka riƙa shirya gasa da karɓan jawaban masu shiga gasan ta hanyar aiko saƙonnin tes ga gidan talabijin ɗin.  Kamfanin talabijin da ya fara wannan shi ne Eurovision a shekarar 2002.

2003

Saboda shaharar fasahar saƙon tes, a ƙasar Jafan an samu yaɗuwar wata sabuwar hanyar yaɗa adabi a shekarar 2003, inda aka samu wasu marubuta dake rubuta ƙirƙirarrun labarai da yaɗa su ta hanyar saƙon tes kai tsaye.  Kowane babi an taƙaita shi ne cikin haruffa 160.  Wato kowane saƙo na ɗauke ne da babi guda.  Kuma kai tsaye ake aika wa masu karatu zuwa wayoyinsu na salula.  Littafin adadin wayar salula na farko da ya fara shahara shi ne mai take: “Deep Love”.  Saboda shaharar wannan hanya ta yaɗa labaran adabi, wajen kwafi miliyan 60 aka sayar na wannan nau’in saƙonni a shekarar 2003 a ƙasar ta Jafan.

2009

A shekarar 2009 fasahar saƙon tes ta ƙara shahara a duniya baki ɗaya.  A wannan shekara ne kalmar “Texting” da nufin “rubutawa da aika saƙon tes” ta shahara ta kuma zama gama-gari a bakunan mutane (kamar yadda kalmar “Googling” ta shahara, da nufin neman bayanai ta Intanet).  A halin yanzu wannan kalma ta “Texting” dai ta shiga jerin kalmomin ƙamusan duniya na harshen Turanci.

Bayyanar Wayar “Blackberry”

Daga cikin dalilan da suka ƙara bayyana shaharar fasahar saƙon tes a duniya akwai bayyanar wayoyi ’au’in Blackberry da kamfanin Research In Motion (RIM) dake kasar Kanada.  Bayan samuwar tsarin aikawa da saƙon tes da wayoyin Blackberry suke ɗauke dashi, akwai manhaja ta musamman dake kan wayar, wacce ke ɗauke da hanyar aikawa da karɓan gajerun saƙonni kwatankwacin na fasahar SMS.   Wannan fasaha mai suna: “Blackberry Messenger” (BBM) hanya ce ta sadarwa da a lokacin ta shahara matuƙa. Kana iya kwatanta da manhajojin Facebook Messenger da WhatsApp na zamanin yau.

Kasancewar wayoyin Blackberry kaɗai ke ɗauke da wannan manhaja ta BBM ya ƙara wa wayoyin tsada da kuma ƙima a idon jama’a.  Kuma hakan, a ɗaya ɓangaren ya ƙara wa fasahar saƙon tes shahara a duniya.  Tsarin BBM a asali ba komai bane illa fasahar saƙon tes da aka gina a matsayin manhaja mai zaman kanta, don aiwatar da sadarwa tsakanin wayoyin salula nau’in Blackberry, ba wai kowace irin waya ba.  Wanda wannan, a farkon lamari, shi ne tsarin da fasahar saƙon tes ta fito dashi kafin ta shahara a duniya.

A wannan lokaci ko zamani ne mutane suka saba da rubuta saƙonnin tes sosai fiye da lokutan baya.  Musamman ganin cewa allon rubutu da wayoyin salulan Blackberry (AZERTY Keypad) suke ɗauke dashi ya fi faɗi da kuma sauƙin shigar da bayanai.  Saɓanin sauran wayoyin salula dake amfani da tsarin T9.  Daga baya ne sauran wayoyin salula suka koma amfani da allon shigar da bayanai nau’in QWERTY, irin wanda kwamfutoci ke amfani dashi.

A halin yanzu kamfanin Research In Motion (RIM – mai ƙera wayoyin Blackberry) ya durƙushe.  Kamfanin Nokia ma, wanda shi ne ja-gaba a fannin ƙerawa da tsara wayoyin salula, shi ma ya durƙushe.  Guguwar da ta kwashe su dai ita ce bayyanar wayoyin salula masu ɗauke da babbar manhajar Android, wanda kamfanin Google (Alphabet Inc.) ya saya kuma yake kulawa dashi, sai kuma wayoyin iPhone na kamfanin Apple.  Wannan guguwa ta tafi da mafi yawa daga cikin ƙananan kamfanonin wayoyin salula.  A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma ta sabbaba bayyanar sababbin hanyoyin sadarwa a zamanance, tare da inganta fasahar saƙon tes, kamar yadda za mu gani a makon gobe.