Web 3.0: Fasahar “EDGE Computing” (4)

Manufofin Fasahar “EDGE Computing”

Bayanan samar da bayanai da adana su, fasahar “EDGE Computing” ta zo ne don magance matsalar sarrafawa da kuma aikawa ko musayar bayanai kai tsaye a lokacin da ake so da bukata.  Wannan ita ce manufa ta farko kuma jigo.  Manufar “EDGE Computing” na biyu, ita ce tantance bayanan dake bukatar a sarrafa su bayan an karbe su, sannan a aika su cikin lokaci da yanayin da ake bukatarsu.  Abin da wannan ke nufi shi ne, daga cikin wadannan nau’ukan bayanai da bayaninsu ya gabata a makon jiya, wannan tsari na iya tantance wanne ne cikin bayanan ke bukatar a sarrafa shi, a kuma aiko shi?  Sannan wanne ne ke bukatar a adana shi kadai don amfanin gaba?  Sannan, wanne ne ba a bukatar adanawa ko taskance shi ma gaba daya.  Duk wannan aikin wannan sabon tsari ne na EDGE Computing.

Na’urorin Sadarwa a Tsarin “EDGE Computing”

Wannan sabon tsari na adanawa da sarrafa bayanai ta tsarin ma’adanar tafi-da-gidanka yana amfani ne da nau’ukan na’urorin sadarwa na musamman da na al’ada wadanda muka saba amfani dasu.  Wadandan muka saba amfani dasu dai sun hada da kwamfuta, da wayar salula na zamani.  Su kuma na’urorin sadarwa na musamman su ne nau’ukan na’urorin sadarwa wadanda ke iya aikawa da kuma karban bayanai ta hanyar Intanet.

Kafin in ci gaba, a baya galibin mutane sun san cewa idan kana son amfani da Intanet, to, ko dai kayi amfani da kwamfuta ne, ko wayar salula, ko kuma na’ukan wadannan na’urori guda biyu.  To sai dai kuma, a halin yanzu an samu ci gaba sosai.  Akwai nau’ukan kayayyakin sadarwa na zamani wadanda ake iya amfani da Intanet a kansu.  Ba ma amfani da Intanet kadai ba, kana iya samar da bayanai (ta hanyar yin rubutu ko daukan sautin murya, ko bidiyo, ko hotuna), ka aika, kuma kai ma a iya aiko maka.  Wadannan na’ukan na’urori ana kiransu da suna: “Smart Devices”, wato na’urori masu fasaha.  Ko kace wadanda ke iya fahimtar abubuwa, har su yanke hukunci daga abin da suka fahimta kai tsaye, ba tare da taimakon dan adam ba.  A fannin sadarwar Intanet kuma a kira su da suna: “Internet of Things” (IoT).  Domin duk kankanta ko girmansu, ana iya amfani dasu wajen aikawa da karban sakonni ta hanyar Intanet, kai tsaye.  shi yasa ake musu lakabi da “IoT”.

Ire-iren wadannan na’urorin sadarwa sun hada da mota mara matuki (Driverless car).  Tuni kamfanin Google da sauran kamfanonin kere-kere sun fara gwajin ire-iren wadannan motoci mau dauke da fasaha da iya fahimtar inda suke.  Suna dauke da tsarin aikawa da karban bayanai a tare dasu, musamman tsarin gano bigire, wato: “Map Application.”  Sai agogo mai fasaha (Smart watch).  Agogo mai fasaha tuni suka yadu kam.  Shahararru daga cikinsu sun hada da na kamfanin Apple, wato: “Apple Watch”, da na kamfanin Samsung wato: “Samsung Watch”.  Hatta kamfanin HUAWAE yana da nashi nau’ukan agogo masu fasaha da yake re kuma yake sayar dasu.  Akwai kuma kananan kamfanoni da suke kera agogo mai fasaha a nahiyar Afirka, misali, akwai kamfanin Oraimo wanda ke samar da bancgarorin na’urorin sadarwa na zamani (Communication/Device Accessories).

Bayan wadannan, akwai na’urar sarrafa bayanan yanayin zafi, ko sanyi, ko ruwan sama ko zafin rana (Meteorological device).  Sai na’urar binciken cututtuka a asibitoci.  Wadannan na’urori suna dauke ne da fasahar sadarwa mai dauke da hazaka da fahimta.   An gina manhajojin da suke dauke dasu ne ta amfani da fasahar “Artificial Intelligence” (AI), musamman fasahar “Machine Learning” (ML), da “Deep Learning” (DL).

A daya bangaren kuma, akwai na’urorin dake hada alaka a tsakanin na’urorin sadarwa wajen aikawa da karban bayanai.  Wadannan su ake kira: “Networking Devices”.  Sun hada da Uwar garke (Server) da dukkan nau’ukanta.  Wannan dai kwamfuta ce ta musamman, wacce ke aikin sauraro, da kuma musayar bayanai tsakaninta da sauran na’urorin sadarwa.  Duk wani shafi na Intanet da muke mu’amala dasu, suna dauke ne a kan kwamfutar dake dauke da manhajar Uwar garke, wato: “Server Application”, ko kuma ma, kwamfuta ce ta musamman da aka kera don wannan aiki.  Sai kuma na’urori irin su: “Router”, wacce ke aikin hada alaka tsakanin gajeren zangon sadarwa (Local Area Network – LAN), wani gajeren zangon sadarwa (LAN) dake wani wuri daban ko wani bigire daban a wuri guda.  Wannan ita ce na’urar da ke fara karban sakonka a duk sadda ka bukaci hawa wani shafin Intanet.  Da zarar wayarka ko kwamfutarka ta kwankwasa kofa, na’urar Router ce za ta tarbeka, sai ta karbi adireshin waya ko kwamfutarka, ta cilla wa Uwar garken dake dauke da adireshin da kake son bayanai daga gare shi.   Bayan na’urar “Router” akwai na’urar dake isar da bayanai ga na’urorin sadarwa dake wani gajeren zangon sadarwa.  Wannan ita ake kira: “Switch”.  Wadannan su ne suke bakin daga wajen sadarwa a tsarin “EDGE Computing”, kuma su ake kira: “Network EDGE Devices”.