Sakonnin Masu Karatu (2020) (12)

Assalamu alaikum Baban Sadik, Allah ya taimakeka. Tambayata a nan ita ce: ina so a bambance mini tsakanin makarantan kimiyya da kere-kere wato “Polytechnic” da kuma Jami’a wato “University”; wanne ya kamata mutum yaje? Daga Usman M. Liman.

Wa alaikumus salam, barka dai Malam Usman. Amsar tambayarka ta danganci bukata da kuma manufar dalibi. Amma kafin nan, wadannan nau’ukan makarantu an tanade su ne don manufofi mabambanta. Ita makarantar kimiyya da fasaha, wato: “Polytechnic”, galibin abin da yafi rinjaye wajen dalilan samar da ita su ne don samar da dalibai da za su kware a fannin kimiyya da fasaha – na sadarwa ko na kere-kere – amma a aikace. Ma’ana, a Polytechnic, galibin salo da tsarin karantarwa sun kunshi karatu ne da kuma aikata ko kwatanta ilimin a aikace; ba zallar bincike don samar da gundarin karatu da ka’idojin ilimi (theories and models) a rubuce ba. Wannan ya kai mu ga abu na biyu, wato su Polytechnic makarantu ne na musamman. Shi yasa kwasa-kwasan da suke karantarwa suke kadan, sannan salon karatunsu a aikace yake kasancewa. Kasancewar makaranta ce ta musamman, shekarun da ake kwashewa ana karatu basu kai na jami’a ba. Wannan kuma har wa yau yasa shedar karatun Polytechnic take kasa da ta jami’a a tsarin aikin gwamnati da wajen samun gurbin karatu mai nisa a jami’o’i. duk da cewa wannan dalili na karshe na sanshi a Najeriya ne, ban san wasu kasashen ba ko haka abin yake. A tsarin aikin gwamnati, idan kana da HND, wato shedar karatu mai matsayin Digiri a jami’a, akwai matsayin da za a kai, wanda kai da kake da HND ba za ka shige ba, amma mai Digiri na jami’a zai haye. Na san ana ta kokarin cire wannan kaidi, amma zuwa yanzu ban san a ina aka kwana ba.

Amma a bangaren jami’a budaddiya kuwa, mafi rinjayen salon karatu da karantarwa yana ta’allaka ne ga zurfafa bincike don samar da wani sabon ilimi a fannonin rayuwa gaba daya. Wannan yasa kwasa-kwasan jami’a suka fi yawa, sannan salon karatunsu yafi gamewa. A tare da cewa ana samu jami’o’i na musamman, wato: “Specialised Universities” – kamar fannin noma, ko kiwo, ko siyasa da dai sauransu. Wannan har wa yau, ba ya nuna cewa a jami’o’i babu salon karantarwa a aikace, a a. Sai dai bai kai irin wanda yake a makarantun Polytechnic ba. Wannan yasa tsawon lokacin karatu a jami’a yafi tsayi, sannan kwarewa a fannonin rayuwa yafi yawa. Har wa yau kuma, idan kana da shedar karatun jami’a na Digirin farko, samun karo ilimi mai zurfi a wata jami’ar na zama da sauki, musamman idan ka yi kokari sosai. Sannan a tsarin aikin gwamnati ma, ba ka da shamaki wajen kai wa kowane irin matsayi ne, muddin kwazonka bai gaza ba. Amma mai dauke da HND yana da shamaki, komai kwazonsa kuwa. Amma fa kamar yadda na sanar ne a sama, cewa wannan shamaki a tsarin aiki don bambance matsayin shedar karatu, a Najeriya ne na sanshi, ban san wasu kasashen ko haka su ma tsarinsu yake ba.

Amsa kan wanne ya kamata mutum ya dauka kuma, wannan ya dangane dandano da bukatar dalibi. Duk da cewa a yanzu ba a cika lura da wadannan bambance-bambancen dake tsakaninsu ba. Amma idan dalibi na da Muradin zurfafa bincike ne don samar da sababbin ka’idojin a ilimi a fannonin rayuwa baki daya, ko kuma karantar nau’ukan bangarorin ilimin da a asali babu su a Polytechnic, to, zuwa jami’a shi ne abin da ya kamace shi. Idan kuma zallar kamanta karatu yake so a aikace, don kwarewa a fannin kimiyya da fasaha, to, zuwa Polytechnic ne yafi. Sai dai kuma ka lura, wannan amsa da na bayar ta la’akari da asalin manufar samar da wadannan wuraren karatu ne, a asalinsu. Ba wai abin da yake a aikace a zahirin rayuwa ta yau ba a kasashenmu. Mu a nan Najeriya kusan bambancin dake tsakaninsu (a aikace) bai wuce na tazarar lokacin karatu, da matsayin shedar karatu musamman a gurabun aikin gwamnati. Amma dangane da tsari da kuma salon karantarwa, kusan banbancin kadan ne, in ma akwai. Haka dangane da abin da ya shafi yawan kwasa-kwasai; kusan banbancin kadan ne tsakanin jami’a da Polytechnic. An ma wayi gari kwasa-kwasan da ba a san Polytechnic da yinsu ba – irin na kasuwanci (Business Admin) da tattalin arziki (Economics), da harsuna (Languages) – duk sai ka samu su suna yi. Dalilan hakan kuwa, kamar yadda na san za ka iya hasashe, bai wuce yunkurin samun kudaden shiga, sanadiyyar tsarin cin-gashin-kai da hukuma ta samar a fannin ilimi na kasa baki daya.
Wannan shi ne dan abin da zan iya cewa a halin yanzu. Da fatan ka gamsu. Na gode.
Assalamu alaikum Baban Sadik, don Allah ina so ayi min karin bayani game da MSC (Mobile Switching Center) da kuma yadda “IP Address” ke aiki. Ka huta lafiya. Daga Misbahu Ibrahim Musa Fagwalawa: 08032840273.

Wa alaikumus salam, barka dai Malam Musa, da fatan kana lafiya. Da farko dai, kafin bayani kan wannan cibiya mai suna: “Mobile Switching Center”, zai dace ka san cewa ita wannan cibiya ta “MSC”, daya ne daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin da kowane kamfanin sadarwar wayar salula ke amfani dasu wajen yin rajista, da sadar da masu amfani da lambobinsu a ko ina suke, muddin bai wuce inda kadadar sadarwarsu take ba. Ga takaitattun bayanai nan kan wadannan cibiyoyi.
Na farko dai ita ce: Cell Tower, ko kace na’urar sadarwa dake wani kadada ko fadin birni a wani gari ko kauye. Na’ura ce da kamfanin sadarwa ke aijyewa a wani bangare ko zango na gari ko birni. Misali, kamfanin sadarwa na iya raba birnin Kano zuwa gunduma-gunduma. Kowace gunduma ta kunshi lambobin mutanen da ke wannan wuri. Cibiyar Cell Tower ce ke dauke da yanayin sadarwa, wato Network dake wannan wuri ko kadadan sadarwa. Sai kuma cibiyar Base Transceiver Station (BTS), wato na’urar dake aikawa da sako tsakanin wayar salularka dake wannan kadadan sadarwa zuwa tashar Cell Tower dake wannan wuri. Wannan na’ura na aikawa da wannan sako ne ta hanyar siginar rediyo, wato Radio Waves. Misali, idan kana Unguwa Uku dake birnin Kano, sai ka bukaci yin Magana da wani ta hanyar wayarka, da zarar ka buga lambarsa, na’urar BTS ce za ta dauki bukatarka zuwa tashar Cell Tower dake zangon Unguwa Uku.
Sai kuma babban zango, wato Mobile Switching Center (MSC), wanda ita ce cibiyar da kake tambaya akai. Wannan tasha ita ke dauke da dukkan lambobi da bayanan masu lambobin sadarwa na kamfanin gaba daya. Kwaya daya ce tinkwal, kuma ita ce ke tabbatar da cewa duk wani mai bugo waya, daga ko ina ne, ta hanyar lambobin kamfanin ne ko na wani kamfanin ne daban, daga gida Najeriya ne ko daga waje, to wannan tasha ce za ta isar da sadarwan idan zai yiwu ko kuma mayar da bukatan mai bukatan saboda wasu dalila. Wannan babban zango, wato Mobile Switching Center, ta kunshi manyan bangarori ne guda hudu, kuma a halin yanzu ga bayanin kowanne daga cikinsu nan.