Tsarin “Cashless” Da Hanyoyin Inganta Shi a Najeriya (6)

Masu Ruwa da Tsaki a Tsarin “Cashless”

Daga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki wajen aiwatar da tsarin “Cashless” a Najeriya, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a makon jiya, akwai bankunan kasuwanci.  Bayan tsarin wakilcin banki (Agent Banking) da dokar CBN ya basu, daga cikin hanyoyin da suke amfani dasu wajen aiwatar da tsarin dai akwai:

Na’urar “Automated Teller Machine” (ATM)

A tare da cewa bankuna sun fara amfani da wannan na’ura ne tun kafin samar da tsarin “Cashless” a Najeriya, sai dai daga baya bankin CBN ya yi amfani da samuwar waɗannan na’urorin hada-hadar kuɗi wajen aiwatar da wannan tsari na “Cashless”.  Hakan ya samu ne ta amfani da sababbin na’urorin ATM dake taimakawa wajen aiwatar da kusan dukkan na’ukan hada-hadar kuɗaɗe, irin su cirar takardun kuɗi, da saka kuɗi a asusu kai tsaye ta na’urar, da sayan katin waya, da yin tiransfa ga wasu kai tsaye, da dai sauran ayyuka.  Sannan samuwar na’urar ATM cikin tsarin “Cashless” ya ƙara taimakawa wajen rage yawan cunkoso a bankuna.  Domin bankin CBN ya umarci bankunan kasuwanci da su ƙayyade yawan takardun kuɗaɗen da masu ta’ammali dasu ke iya karɓa a kan kanta.  Abin da yayi ƙasa da haka, dole aje na’urar ATM a cira.  Misali, akwai doka da tace muddin kuɗin da za ka cira bai wuce dubu ɗari ba, to, dole kaje na’urar ATM ka cira.

A halin yanzu dai akwai na’urar ATM sama da dubu goma sha huɗu (14,000) a warwatse a faɗin ƙasar nan.  Samar da wannan na’ura ta ATM na cikin hanyoyin da bankin CBN ke amfani dasu wajen aiwatar da wannan tsari na “Cashless” a Najeriya.

 Tsarin Hada-Hadar Kuɗi ta Intanet (Internet Banking)

Bankin CBN ya umarci bankuna da fara amfani da tsarin hada-hadar kuɗi ta Intanet ne tun shekarar da aka fara aiwatar da tsarin “Cashless”, wato cikin shekarar 2012 kenan.  Wannan tsari kuwa ya ƙunshi samar da shafin Intanet ne, mai ɗauke da hanyoyin aikawa da karɓan kuɗaɗe cikin sauƙi.  A farkon lamari, duk mai buƙata kan je bankinsa ne, sai ya cika fam, bayan nan a bashi suna (username) da kalmar iznin shiga (password), wanda dasu ne zai riƙa amfani wajen hawa taskar ajiyarsa don aiwatar da hada-hadar kuɗi kai tsaye.

Bayan an samu ci gaba a fannin sadarwa musamman na wayar salula da Intanet a Najeriya, bankuna sun gina manhajojin wayar salula (Mobile Apps) masu ɗauke da wancan tsari na “Internet Banking”, don ƙara sawwaƙe wa jama’a.  Hakan ya faru ne saboda galibin jama’a a duniya yanzu sun fi amfani da fasahar Intanet ta wayar salula.  Shi ma wannan tsarin a farkon fitarsa sai ka je banki ya saita maka wayarka kafin ka iya fara amfani dashi.  Amma a halin yanzu tsarin ya ƙara sauƙaƙe.  Ba ma tsarin hada-hadar kuɗi na Intanet kaɗai ba, hatta taskar ajiya kana iya buɗewa kai tsaye daga manhajar banki, ba tare da sai ka je bankin an saita maka ba.

Wannan tsari na ta’ammali da banki ta hanyar shafin Intanet da wayar salula, na cikin hanyoyin da bankin CBN ke amfani dasu wajen aiwatar da tsarin “Cashless” a Najeriya.

Kamfanin Dillancin Hada-Hadar Kuɗi Tsakanin Bankuna

Daga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki cikin wannan tsari na “Cashless”, akwai Kamfanin Dillancin Hada-hadar Kuɗi Tsakanin Bankuna, wato: “Nigeria InterBank Settlement System” (NIBSS), wanda ke sawwaƙe ma’amala tsakanin bankuna.  Abin da wannan ke nufi kuwa shi ne, idan ka aika da kuɗi zuwa taskar wani dake wani bankin daban ba naka ba, bankinka zai aika da wannan kuɗin ne, ɗauke da lambar taskar ajiyar wanda kake son a aika masa, zuwa na’urar NIBSS, wanda shafi ne mai ɗauke da dukkan bankunan Najeriya da sauran kamfanonin hada-hadar kuɗi da ke da alaƙa da banki.  Saƙon na isa, nan take sai a tunkuɗa wa bankin wanda kake son aika masa.  Shi kuma bankinsa sai ya tura masa.  A yayin da ake wannan, tuni wannan na’ura ta NIBSS ta cire ƙimar kuɗin da kake son aikawa daga taskar bankinka, wanda ya fito daga asusunka.

Wannan kamfani na NIBSS na ɗauke ne da tsarin aika kuɗaɗe iri uku.  Akwai tsarin aikawa na kai-tsaye mai suna: “Instant Payment”, ko “NIP” a gajarce.  Idan ka zaɓi wannan tsari wajen aikawa da kuɗi ta hanyar manhajar wayarka ta salula, nan take ake aikawa ga wanda ka tura masa, kai-tsaye ba ɓata lokaci.  Sai tsari na biyu mai suna: “Electronic Fund Transfer” ko “NEFT”, wanda ke ɗaukan lokaci kaɗan kafin kuɗaɗen su sauka.  Sai tsari na uku, wanda galibi kamfanoni ne ke amfani dashi.  Shi yasa ba a kowace manhajar wayar salula na banki za ka gan shi ba.  Wannan tsari shi ake kira: “RTGS”, kuma ana amfani dashi ne wajen aika kuɗaɗe ga mutane masu yawa a lokaci guda.  Da zarar an aika, tsarin kan raba adadin waɗanda za a aika musu kuɗin tsibi-tsibi (Batch by batch), don samun isarsu ba tare da wani ya maƙale ba.  Bayan kamfanoni, bankuna na amfani dashi wajen aikawa da karɓan kuɗaɗe tsakaninsu da bankin CBN kai tsaye.