Ka’idojin Mu’amala da “Password” (5)

Ka’idoji da Siffofin “Password”

Saboda matsaloli da aka yi ta samu a baya, tun bayyanar tsarin “Password” zuwa yau, duniyar fannin sadarwa ta yi wa kanta kiyamullaili, inda ta fara neman hanyar kariya daga sake aukuwar abubuwan da suka auku a baya.  Nan gaba mai karatu zai ga irin badakalar da tai ta faruwa a baya, a sashen da zan kira: “Tarihin Sace-sacen “Password” a Duniya.”  A takaice dai, a halin yanzu an bullo da wasu ka’idoji da dukkan hukumomi da kamfanoni a duniya ke bi wajen tsarawa da kintsa bayanansu, daga ciki har da ka’idojin zaban Imel da Password.  Wannan ka’ida ita ake kira: “Password Policy,” wanda ka’ida ce dake karkashin “Email Policy.”

Dukkan kamfanonin sadarwa na duniya dake baiwa mutane damar bude shafi ta hanyar Suna (username) da Kalmar izinin shiga (“Password”) a yau suna da ka’idoji na musamman da suke amfani dasu wajen yin hakan.  Wasu ka’idojin suna da tsauri, wasu kuma masu sauki ne.  Wadannan ka’idoji, wadanda ke karkashin tsarin “Email Policy” ne, wato ka’idojin tsarawa, da bayarwa, da adanawa da kuma lura da bayanan da suka shafi harkar Imel na kamfanin kenan.  Wadannan tsare-tsare suna taimaka wa kamfanin ne wajen tantance jama’ar da yake hulda dasu.  Idan hukuma ce ta gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu, hakan na bata damar tsara harkar suna da kalmomin izinin shiga da za ta ko take baiwa ma’aikatanta ne.  Wannan ke sa dukkan ma’aikatan kamfanin su mallaki tsarin suna da kalmar izinishin shiga mai siffa iri daya.

Wadannan ka’idoji na Imel suna dauke ne da ka’idojin “Password” a daya bangaren.  Ba komai wadannan ka’idoji suka kunsa ba illa siffofin da ake so kowane “Password” ya mallaka.  Wadannan siffofi kuwa su ne:

Tsawo (Length)

Wannan shi ne iya karancin haruffa ko lambobin da ake so ka sa a matsayin “Password” dinka.  Ma’ana, daga haruffan da adadinsu ya kai kaza, misali.  A zamanin baya farkon bayyanar Imel, kamfanoni irin su Yahoo da Hotmail da Excite da American Online sun kayyade tsawon “Password” din da dukkan mai son bude Imel dasu zai kayyade ne.  A lokacin nan, dole ne tsawon “Password” ya kai haruffa ko lambobi ko hadakar haruffa da lambobi guda shida (6).  A haka lamarin yaci gaba har zuwa shekarar 2004 ko 2005, lokacin da kamfanin Google ya samar da manhajar Imel dinsa mai suna: Gmail.  A takaice dai, wannan tsari na ka’idojin “Password” ne ke sa kamfani ya kayyade yawan haruffa ko lambobin da za ayi amfani dasu a matsayin “Password.”

Hadaka (Combinations)

Abu na biyu cikin ka’idoji da siffofin “Password” shi ne Hadaka; me da me ake so ka hada don samar da “Password” dinka.  A baya kamfanonin Imel da sadarwa a duniya basu damu da wannan ba, kamar yadda basu damu da yawan haruffa ba sosai.  Amma a karkashin wannan ka’ida ta “Password Policy,” kamfanoni kan sa ka’idoji kan nau’ukan haruffan da suke so ayi amfani dasu a matsayin “Password.”

Longevity (Tsawon rayuwa)

Rayuwar “Password” wani maudu’i ne mai zaman kansa na bincike a fannin kimiyya da fasahar sadarwa, musamman wajen kariyar bayanai.  Abin da wannan ke nufi shi ne, daga lokacin da ka zabi “Password” dinka, kwamfutar da ta karbi “Password” din nan take za ta fara kirga kwanakin wannan kalma da ka shigar.  A karkashin wannan ka’ida, dole ne ya zama kowane “Password” yana da iya adadin kwanaki (makonni, ko wata, ko shekara, ko shekaru, misali) da aka deba masa.  Da zarar ya rage ‘yan kwanaki (kamar kwanaki 10 misali) lokacinsa ya kare, sai kwamfutar ta fara sanar dakai cewa ka canza “Password” din.

Sai dai wannan ka’ida galibi a kamfanonin hukumomin gwamnati ne ko kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.  Amma kamfanonin sadarwa na Imel ba su tilasta wannan ka’ida, sai dai su shawarceka, musamman idan suka fahimci wani na yunkurin sace maka “Password” dinka.

Yanayi (Nature)

Wannan shi ake kira “Nature”, wato yanayin da ake so kowane “Password” ya kasance a ciki.  Abin da wannan ke nufi shi ne: nau’ukan abin da kowane “Password” ya kunsa – haruffa, da lambobi, da alamomin rubutu da dai sauransu.  Misali, a wasu daga cikin hukumomin gwamnati, ka’ida ce idan kazo zaban “Password” dole ne ya hada da babban harafi (capital letter), da lamba, da alamomi ko isharorin rubuta na musamman (special characters).  Kana iya ganin “Password” haka: “Jamilu@2013” ko “Idris12**” ko “Abdul00%%”, misali.  Ba su kadai ba, hatta kamfanonin sadarwa masu bayar da Imel a duniya yanzu sun fara amfani da wannan ka’ida.  Babbar hikimar dake karkashin yin haka shi ne don tsaurara matakai tare da dakile yunkurin masu sace wa mutane “Password” karfi da yaji.  Sai dai kuma, wannan tsari yana da nasa matsalar, kamar yadda mai karatu zai gani nan gaba.

Haramtattun alamomi (Prohibited Elements)

Wadannan su ne nau’ukan haruffa ko lambobi ko alamomin rubutu da aka haramta amfani dasu a matsayin “Password” ko a cikin “Password.”  Wannan ka’ida ce da kowane kamfani ko hukuma take da nata tsari a kai.  Misali, a wasu ma’aikatun, haramun ne karkashin wannan ka’ida “Password” dinka ya kunshi kalmar “password”, ko alamar “@”, misali.  A wasu ma’aikatun kuma haramun ne yin amfan da kalmomin turanci dake cikin kamus, wato: “Dictionary Words,”  misali.

Wadannan, a takaice, su ne wasu daga cikin ka’idojin “Password” da ake amfani dasu a halin yanzu a duniya.