Web 3.0: Sabon Nau’in Giza-Gizan Sadarwa na Duniya Zubi na Uku (1)

Shimfida

Tsarin giza-gizan sadarwa na duniya kamar yadda yake a yau, ya samu sauyi mai girma da inganci idan aka kwatanta shi da yadda ya samo asali shekaru 30 da suka gabata.  Mafi girman canji da sauyi ma na tafe, doming ga dukkan alamu, kamar ma yanzu ne aka fara, wai mahaukaciya ta shiga gada sau tara.  Domin yanzu muka kama hanya zuwa marhalar giza-gizan sadarwa zubi na 3, wato: “Web 3.0”, wanda ke dauke da abubuwan al’ajabi ta bangaren sadarwa da mu’amala cikin sauki da kuma mafi girma, shi ne tsawo.  To mene ne giza-gizan sadarwa na duniya ne?  Kuma yaushe muka shige zubi na 1, muka shiga na 2, da har ake tunanin shiga zubi na 3?  Wannan shi ne abin da zan yi sharhi a kai cikin makonnin dake tafe.

Kalmar “Web 3.0” dai na ishara ne ga tsarin sadarwa ta hanyar Intanet ta amfani da kayayyaki da na’urori da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani.  Alakar zumuncin sadarwa dake tsakanin wadannan kayayyaki ne yasa suka zama kamar yanar gizo-gizo a kan duniyarmu baki daya.  Shi yasa galibi idan ana kwatanta wannan alaka ta hanyar hoto, za ka ga hoto ko taswirar duniya ne, lailaye da yanar gizo-gizo.  Shi yasa ma wasu ke fassara kalmar “Web” da “Yanar Gizo” a harshen Hausa.  Sai dai wannan kuskure ne.  Sai dai ace “Yanar sadarwa”.  Kuma wannan tsari na sadarwa, kamar yadda muke amfani dashi a yau, ya samo asali ne sama da shekaru 30 da suka gabata.

Kafin sharhi kan siffofin sabon zubin giza-gizan sadarwa na 3, wato: “Web 3.0”, zai dace muyi takaitaccen sharhi kan nau’i na 1 da na 2 (wanda muke ciki a halin yanzu), don samun karin haske wajen fahimtar sabon nau’in da ke kan kankama a halin yanzu.

Tsarin “Web 1.0”

Wannan nau’i na zubin giza-gizan sadarwa ya samo asali ne tsakanin shekarun karshe na 1980s zuwa karshen shekara ta 2000.  Wannan shi ne zamanin jarirantakar fasahar Intanet, kuma marhalar dake tsakanin sadda hukumar tsaro ta Amurka ta yafuce tsarin ARPANET daga giza-gizan sadarwar kasar, don bambanceshi da na gama-gari.  Daga nan jama’a suka fara gina shafukan gidan yanar sadarwa (Website) don tallata kamfanoni ko sana’o’insu, ko don ilmantarwa, musamman a bangaren malaman jami’a.

A wannan zamani ne fasahar Intanet ta fara bayyana.  Kuma galibin shafukan Intanet na dauke ne da rubutattun bayanai zalla; babu bidiyo da bayanan sauti.  Sai kadan cikin hotuna marasa launuka.  Manhajar lilo a Intanet a lokacin guda daya ne ko biyu; ko dai fasahar Gopher ce ake amfani da ita lokacin, ko kuma manhajar Nescape Navigator ta Mc Andressen.  Daga baya ne aka samu manhajoji irin su “Internet Explorer” na kamfanin Microsoft, da “Safari” na kamfanin Apple, sai kuma “Firefox” na kamfanin Mozilla.

Karkashin wannan tsari, duk bayanan dake shafukan Intanet na masu shafukan ne; kai mai ziyara ba ka da wata dama ta bayyana ra’ayinka sai ta hanyar mai shafin, idan ka aika masa ta Imel.  Fasahar gina shafukan Intanet bata wuce “Hypertext Markup Language” ko “HTML” a gajarce, da wani bangare na fasahar “Cascading Style Sheet” ko “CSS” zubi na farko.  Idan kaga shafin Intanet dauke da hoto mai motsi, to, zaka samu ba bidiyo bane, anyi amfani ne da fasahar “Applet” da aka gina da yaren gina manhaja na Java.  Daga baya kamfanin Microsoft ya samar da manhajar gina shafukan Intanet mai suna: “Microsoft Frontpage”, a karshe kuma kamfanin Macromedia ya samar da manhajar “Dreamweaver” da sauran ‘yan uwanta.

A wannan marhala na zubin Intanet, duk inda kaga fasahar Intanet, to, a kan kwamfuta ne.  Wayoyin salula basu yadu ba.  Inda suka yadu kuma babu fasahar dake sawwake amfani da fasahar Intanet a wayar salula, wato abin da ake kira: “Mobile Web” a halin yanzu.  Domin a lokacin galibin wayoyin salula na amfani ne da tsarin sadarwar wayar-iska na 1G da 2G; wanda galibi idan ba a kasashen da suka ci gaba ba, ba kowa ke iya ma’amala da tsarin Intanet a kansu ba.  sannan babu nau’ukan manhajojin da ake iya amfani dasu ta hanyar Intanet, sai dai ka saya a faifan CD ka dora wa kwamfutarka.

Daga shekarar 2000 zuwa 2010 ne aka fara yi wa wannan nau’in Intanet ko giza-gizan sadarwa hijira zuwa yanayi mai armashi da inganci wajen sadarwa.  Inda fasahar Intanet ta yadu sosai, kafin yaduwar wayar salula da tazo da tsarin aikawa da karban sakonnin tes, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa.  Amma duk da haka, saboda karancin ci gaba da wannan nau’in Intanet ya sifatu dashi, masana kan kira wannan nau’in sadarwa da suna: “Static Web”.  Domin duk da cewa akwai shafukan Intanet da ake ta’ammali da bayanan dake cikinsu, sai dai tsarin gudanar dasu yana cike da jinkiri, da rashin ingancin yanayin sadarwa, sannan idan ka aika sakon neman bayani misali, sai mai shafin ya hau shafin, ya ga sakon, sannan ya aiko amsa.  Tsarin gudanar da rayuwa a giza-gizan sadarwa na duniya bai samu karin tagomashi da inganci ba sai a marhala ta biyu, wato zubi na 2 kenan, ko: “Web 2.0”.