Web 3.0: Marhalar Fasahar Intanet Zubi Na Uku (2)

Tsarin “Web 2.0”

Bayan gushewar tsarin “Web 1.0”, wanda shi ne tsari na farko wanda ya zama turba da asali ga fasahar Intanet da yadda a yau ake mu’amala da ita, sai duniya ta samu kanta kwatsam cikin sabon tsarin giza-gizan sadarwa ta duniya, wanda a yau ake kira da suna: “Web 2.0”.  Wannan tsari wanda shi ne zubi na biyu kuma har wa yau tsarin da ake cikinsa a yau, ya dauki tsawon shekaru 10 kafin duniyar sadarwa ta fara cin moriyarsa.  Ya fara bayyana ne tun wajen shekarar 2001, ya kuma kasaita tsarin shekarar 2012 zuwa yau.

Tsarin sadarwa ne ta hanyar Intanet wanda yafi na bayansa gamewa, da kayatarwa, da kuma hadari.  A yayin da a tsarin baya mutane na mu’amala ne kawai da abin da suka tarar a shafukan Intanet, a wannan zubi na biyu, masu ta’ammali da gidajen sadarwa ne ke samar da bayanan da ake mu’amala dasu.  Wannan yasa ake kiransa da suna: “User content oriented.”  Kuma shi ne tsarin da galibin mutanen duniya suka fi sani a Intanet.  Duk wanda ya karanta makalar makon jiya zai ga kamar almara ne, domin galibin siffofin da na zayyana sun faku daga wannan tsarin Intanet da yake ta’ammali dasu a yau.

Karkashin tsarin “Web 2.0” ne dandalin sada zumunta ya samo asali, ya habaka, har aka wayi gari wadanda basu san yadda Intanet ke aiki ba sun dauka kafafen sada zumunta irin su Facebook, ko WhatsApp, ko Twitter su ne kadai Intanet din.  Wannan ke nuna tasirinsu karkashin wannan tsari. Domin samuwarsu da yawaitansu ne ya baiwa mutane masu ta’ammali da Intanet damar bayyana ra’ayoyinsu, da fadin albarkacin bakinsu, da bude kafafe don baje kolinsu na kasuwansu da sauransu.  Don haka, masu ziyara ko ta’ammali da wadannan mahallai ne ke samar da bayanan da ake dogaro dasu.

Shafukan Intanet karkashin wannan tsari suna dauke ne da rubutattun bayanai (text), da hotuna, da bidiyo (hoto mai motsi), da sauran nau’ukan bayanai masu motsi (animations) don isar da sako da kayatar da masu ziyara ko ta’ammali da inda suke.  Wannan ya sha bamban da tsarin “Web 1.0”, inda masu ziyara suke a matsayin ‘yan kallo; sai dai su karanta ko suyi ta’ammali da abin da mai gidan yanar sadarwa ya zuba ko samar musu.

Bayan kwamfuta wacce a marhalar baya aka dogara gareta wajen ta’ammali da bayanai a giza-gizan sadarwa ta Intanet, a wannan marhala an samu yaduwar wayar salula, inda ya zama galibin hada-hadar rayuwa ta koma wayar salula da sauran kananan na’urorin sadarwa na zamani.  Wannan ya taimaka wajen sawwake hanyoyin ta’ammali da fasahar Intanet a duniya, da hanyar bai wa mutane daman isa ga ‘yan uwansu dake wata uwa duniya, don aiwatar da sadarwa cikin sauki.

Ta bangaren tsarin ta’ammali da bayanai wajen samarwa ko amfana da abin da wasu suka samar karkashin wannan tsari kuma, maimakon shafukan Intanet daskararru (static web pages) da a baya aka dogaro gare su, a wannan marhala an samu yaduwar manhajojin Intanet (Internet Applications) wadanda ake amfani dasu a gidajen yanar sadarwa, da kuma manhajojin wayar salula (Mobile Applications), wadanda a kan waya kadai ake iya amfani dasu – irin su Instagram misali.  Tsarin sadarwar wayar salula ya kara samun inganci, inda muka tashi daga tsarin “2G” zuwa tsarin “3G” da “4G” ko “LTE”.  Samuwar wadannan nau’ukan fasaha ya taimaka matuka wajen sawwake hada-hadar kasuwanci da sadarwa a duniya, musamman ma a kasashe masu tasowa.

Bayan salon zubawa da ma’amala da bayanai, an samu sauyin salon taskance bayanai karkashin wannan tsari na sadarwa mai suna: “Web 2.0”.  A yayin da a baya galibi kowa ke killace bayanansa da kansa; ta hanyar kwamfuta ce ko wayar salula, a yanzu tsarin ya sauya.  Karkashin wannan tsari na “Web 2.0” an koma tsarin tafi-da-gidanka, ko “Clud Computing”; inda kamfanonin sadarwa suke bai wa mutane ma’adanar bayanai ta hanyar Intanet, don taskance bayanansu kai tsaye, da samun amfani dasu a duk inda suke, ba tare da sun ta yawo da ma’adanar bayanai ba.  har wa yau an samu ci gaba a bangaren hada-hadar kudade ta hanyar fasahar sadarwa, wanda a wannan zamani ake kira da suna:  “Financial Technology” ko “FinTech” a gajarce.  Galibin mutane a duniya yanzu sun saba da hada-hadar kudade ta hanyar manhajojin wayar salula ko kwamfuta, kuma bankuna, a yadda aka sansu a baya, ma’anarsu ta fara canzawa.

Bayan dukkan wadannan hanyoyin ci gaba, sai dai akwai kalubale da dama da ake fuskanta karkashin wanann tsari.  A tsarin “Web 1.0” na sanar damu cewa babu wasu kalubale na azo-a-gani.  Amma a yau, sanadiyyar wannan bunkasa da aka samu a fannin sadarwa, matsaloli da dama sun kunno kai, kuma su ne ake ta fama dasu.  Daga matsalar kutse (Hacking), zuwa zamba-cikin-aminci (“Internet Fraud”, ko  “419” a harshen Najeriya), sai matsalar satar bayanan jama’a da kamfanoni ke yi ba tare da yardarsu ba, da kuma kokarin wasu hukumomi wajen kayyade fadin albarkacin baki da jama’a ke yi ta wadannan kafafe.

A halin yanzu alamu sun nuna mun fara fita daga wannan marhala zuwa marhalar “Web 3.0”, wacce tsarinta da kintsinta da salon ta’ammali da bayanai a cikinsu sun sha bamban da marhalar da muke ciki.