Kimiyya da Fasaha a Kasashen Musulmi (2)

Binciken Kimiyya A Qasashen Musulmai A Yau

Alqaluman binciken da Sashin Majalisar Xinkin Duniya Mai Kula Da Ilimi Kacokan, Da Kimiyya Da Fasaha, Da Kuma Al’adun Al’umma da ake kira da UNESCO a taqaice, da kuma Bankin Duniya, wato World Bank suka yi a kan wasu tarin qasashe 20 daga Qungiyar Qasashen Musulmai Ta Duniya, wato OIC, ya tabbatar da abunda suka kashe daga kasafin kuxaxen su na duk shekara ko ka ce ma’aunin arziqin qasar su da aka fi sani da overall gross demostic product a kan bincike a vangaren kimiyya, wato Scientific Research daga tsakankanin shekarun 1999 zuwa shekarar 2003 xaya bisa bakwai ne kacal na 2.36% global average, wato, matsakaicin adadin kuxaxen da ake son duniya ta ringa kashewa a vangaren binciken Kimiyyar da fasahar. Idan za a bayyana koma bayan da qasashen Musulmai suke a wajen narka arziqin qasar su a vangaren binciken kimiyya da fasaha da qirqire-qirqire gwari-gwari kamar ka ce idan an kasa kuxaxen da qasashen duniya ke kashewa gida dubu, to qasashen Musulmai bai fi su xauki kaso huxu kacal ba cikin kaso dubun. Tirqashi!

Har ila yau, a qasashen Musulmai a yau sai ka tara mutane 1000 a cikin su sannan za ka samu ko dai masana kimiyya, wato scientists, ko kuma injiniyoyi, wato engineers, ko kuma masu kula da kuma sarrafa injinan da injiniyoyin suka yi, wato technicians, savanin yadda yake a sauran qasashen duniya na samun scientists, ko engineers, ko kuma technicians guda 40 duk cikin tarin ‘yan qasar mutum 1000, ballantana kuma su manya-manyan qasashen duniya dake jagorantar harkar nazari da bincike a kimiyya da fasahar dake da mutum 140 scientists, ko engineers, ko kuma technicians a duk cikin mutum 1000 ‘yan qasar. Ta vangaren duniyar buga bincike-bincike kuwa na kimiyya da fasaha waxannan qasashen na Musulmai ba sa bayar da gudunmowar da ta gaza xaya bisa xari, wato 1% – wqto Idan a ka kasa bincike-binciken da ake bugawa a mujallu na kimiyyya da fasaha a duniya gida xari, to qasashen Musulmai bai fi su ja kashi xaya kacal ba! Hakan ya qara bayyana ne yayin da babbar qungiyar nan ta Ingila da ake kira da ‘Royal Society’ ta fitar bayanai a kan matakin da buga sakamakon binciken kimiyya da fasaha da bincike a mujallu na kimiyya na duniya yake  a qasashen Larabawa (sun qunshi kasashe 17 cikin qasashe 57 na gamayyar qungiyar qasashe Musulmi ta OIC) mai suna Atlas of Islamic-World Science and Innovation ya tabbatar da idan ka tattaro dukkanin masana kimiyya dake a qasashen Larabawan abunda suka fitar na buga sakamakon bincike-binciken kimiyya da fasaha, wato, scientific publications a shekarar 2005 baki xayansu guda 13,444 ne kacal, wanda a lokaci guda babbar Jami’ar nan ta Amurka da ake kira da Harvard ita kaxai ta samar da buga takardu a vangaren binciken kimiyya da fasaha da makamantansu guda 15,455 – wato iya Harvard University kaxai tafi dukkanin qasashen Larabawa 17 na Musulmai samar da buga sakamakon binciken kimiyya da fasaha a mujallun ilimin kimiyya na duniya da adadin da ya kai 2000!

Abun jin ma ba wai yawan buga sakamakon binciken kimiyya da fasaha xin ba ne, a’a, ingancin abunda a ka buga xin. Xaya daga cikin hanyar da ake auna inganci da qarkon sakamakon binciken kimiyya da fasaha da ake bugawa a mujallu da aka samar da su kususan saboda haka shine ma’aunin da ake kira da a Turance da relative citation index ko kuma a ce RCI a taqaice. Amma da farko, me shi wannan ma’aunin na RCI takamaimai ke nufi? Kuma yaya yake? Kuma ta yaya ake amfani da shi don gano inagancin takardun da ake bugawa a mujallun Kimiyyar da fasahar?

Da farko dai, shi wannan ma’auni na RCI na nufin yawan adadin magana a kan takardun da a ka bubbuga ko naqalto su da masanan kimiyyar dake a qasa suke yi yayin binciken su ko rubutun su a raba shi da adadin yawan naqalto dukkanin adadin takardun da a ka buga, sai kuma a zo a raba shi da kafatanin dukkanin adadin yawan takardun da a ka buga duba da yawan waxanda suka fito daga wannan qasar ta musamman da ake magana a kan ta, sai a kwashe adadin yawan naqalto su da su masana na wannan qasar da ake magana a kan ta suka yi da kan su domin gujewa nuna son kai ko makamancin haka. Wato dai, idan alal misali, wata qasa na samar da kaso goma cikin xari, wato, 10% na kafatanin yawan binciken kimiyya da fasaha da ake bugawa a duniya, amma kuma yawan naqalto binciken nasu a faxin duniya biyar cikin xari ne kacal, wato 5%, a nan, relative citation index xin wannan qasar zai zama 0.5 ne, wato rabi a cikin kacokan xin naqaltowa binciken nasu da ake yi a faxin duniya baki xaya.

A cikin shekarar 2006, Hukumar Kula Da Kimiyya Ta Qasar Amurka da ake wa laqabi da US National Science Board ta fitar da jadawalin jerin qasashe 45 da suka fi samar da yawan buga sakamakon binciken kimiyya da fasaha a jaridun da a ka samar musamman domin hakan da ta kira jadawalin da suna League Table ta duba da RCI xin a fannin kimiyya da ake kira da Physics, qasashen Musulmai biyu ne kacal suka samu shiga jerin qasashen dake a jadawalin – qasashen sune Turkiyya, wacce ke da RCI 0.344, sai kuma qasar Iran, dake da 0.484. Har ila yau, qasar Iran ce kaxai ta nuna qara havvaka a fagen yawan buga sakamakon binciken kimiyya da fasahar a tsakankanin shekarar 1995 zuwa 2003 (Amma wannan tsohon bincike ne, a yanzu qasar Turkiyya ita ma na kan gaba a wajen binciken kimiyya da fasaha a duniya, domin a shekarar 2015 ma xan qasar ne ya lashe qyautar Nobel a vangaren kimiyyar Chemistry).