Fasahar “Digital Currency”: Manyan Matsalolin Cryptocurrency (3)

Manyan Matsalolin “Cryptocurrency” (3)

Ba Ko Ina Ake Karbarsu Ba

Tabbas, ba ko ina ake karban wadannan kudade ba.  Kamar yadda a farkon wannan makala muka gani, hukumar babban bankin Najeriya (wadda ‘yan Crypto ke ta tsine mata har kullum), ta umarci bankunan kasuwanci da su rufe dukkan taskar ajiyar da ake amfani da ita wajen hada-hadar kudin Cryptocurrencies.  Ba Najeriya kadai ake da ire-iren wadannan dokoki ba, akwai kasashe da yawa da suka haramta amfani da ita, ba wai mallaka ba.  Bayan haka, ba kowane shagon sayar da kayayyaki a Intanet yake karban wannan nau’in kudi wajen cinikayya ba.  A takaice ma dai, shagunan dake karban wannan nau’in kudi ko 1 cikin 100 na shagunan da ake dasu a Intanet bai kai ba.  Shi yasa ma, kashi 90 cikin 100 na masu hada-hada a wannan kasuwa, suna saya ne da niyyar sayarwa idan farashin kwandalar da suka saya ya haura sama.  Ba wai saya suke don amfani da kudin wajen sayen wasu kayayyaki a Intanet ko shagunan dake karban kudin ba a Intanet.

Ayyukan Kutse da Sata a Kasuwannin Hada-Hadar Cryptocurrency

Daga cikin manyan matsalolin da tsarin hada-hadar kudin cryptocurrency ke fama dasu, wadanda kuma suka yi sanadiyyar rushewar wasu daga cikin kasuwannin hada-hadar wannan nau’in kudi masu yawa, akwai ayyukan kutse (Hacking) da zamba-cikin-aminci (Scamming) da ake aiwatarwa.  Kafafen yada labaru kan harkar Cryptocurrency a duniya sun ruwaito labarai marasa dadin ji, tun daga shekarar 2011, sadda wannan tsari ya fara kankama, zuwa wannan lokaci da muke ciki.  A cewar jaridar CoinDesk, wanda shahararriyar jarida ce ta Intanet dake wallafa bayanai ingantattu kan hada-hadar kudin Cryptocurrency a duniya, a kalla an sace kudaden Cryptocurrency da kimarsu ta kai dala biliyan bakwai ($7B), daga shekarar 2011 zuwa shekarar 2020.  Kwatankwacin naira tiriliyon uku da biliyan dari biyu da ‘yan kai kenan.  Nau’in kudin da aka fi sacewa dai shi ne Bitcoin.

Shahararrun kutse da ayyukan ta’addancin da aka kai kan wasu kasuwannin hada-hadar Cryptocurrency (Cryptocurrency Exchanges) daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2019 dai su ne:

2014:  A shekarar 2014, ‘yan dandatsa (Hackers) sun kai samame kan shafin yanar kamfanin hada-hadar Cryptocurrency mai suna Mt. Gox dake babban birnin Tokyo na kasar Jafan, inda suka yi awon gaba da nau’ukan kudaden Cryptocurrency da kimarsu ta kai dalar Amurka miliyan 350 ($350M).  Wannan kasuwar hada-hada dai tana cikin manyan kasuwannin da ake ji dasu a duniya wajen jari a wannan harkar.  Domin kashi 70 cikin 100 na kudaden Cryptocurrency da ake juya su a duniya, duk wannan kamfani ne ke rike dasu.

2015:  A shekarar 2015 kuma suka sake kai samame kan kasuwar hada-hadar Cryptocurrency mai suna Bitstamp dake kasar Luxembourg na nahiyar Turai, inda suka yi awon gaba da nau’in kudin Cryptocurrency da kimarsa ta kai dala miliyan biyar ($5m).

2016:  Kamfanin Bitfinex dake kasar Hong Kong ne yasha kashi a wannan shekara, inda ‘yan dandatsa suka kutsa cikin lalitar masu ajiya da kamfanin (User Wallets), suka yi awon gaba da nau’in kudaden Cryptocurrency da kimarsu ta kai dala miliyan 72 ($72m).  Sai dai nan take kamfanin ya biya mutanen da abin ya shafa kudadensu, tunda shi ne ke ajiye dasu.  Sakacin daga gare shi ne.

2017:  Mafi girman kutsen da aka kai a wannan shekara ta 2017 dai ya shafi kamfanin NiceHash ne, wanda dillali ne a harkar Cryptocurrency a kasar Slovenia.  A wannan samame da suka kai dai, sunyi awon gaba da nau’in kudin Bitcoin da kimarsa ta kai dala miliyan 60 ($60m) ne.

2018:  A shekarar 2018 an gudanar da manyan kutse ne guda biyu, kuma munana.  Na farko ya shafi kasuwar hada-hada ta CoinCheck ne dake birnin Tokyo na kasar Jafan, inda ‘yan dandatsa suka kutsa suka sace nau’in kudin Token din NEM, wanda kuma kimarsa ta kai dala miliyan 400 ($400m).  Tirkashi!  Na biyu kuma ya faru ne a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba cikin shekarar, inda suka diro wa kasuwar hada-hadar kudi mai suna Zaif, wanda ita ce ta 35 a girma da jari a duniya, suka kwashe kudaden Cryptocurrency da kimarsu ta kai dala miliyan 60.  Wadannan kudade dai sun sace su ne daga “Lalita mai yauki” da kamfanin ya mallaka don hidimta wa masu ajiya dashi, wato: “Hot Wallets” kenan.

2019:  A shekarar 2019 kuma tsautsayi ya afka kan kamfanin Binance ne, wanda ‘yan dandatsa suka kutsa cikin lalitarsa suka yi awon gaba da nau’ukan kudaden Cryptocurrency da kimarsu ta kai dala miliyan 40 ($40m).

A sashe na gaba zamu ji irin hasarar da kasuwanni hada-hadar Cryptocurrency suka tafka a shekarar 2020, wato shekarar da ta gabata kenan.  A wannan shekara ta 2020 an sha kashi sosai, saboda maimaituwar kutse da aka ta samu.

A dukkan wadannan ayyuka na ta’addanci, masu wannan danyen aiki kan yi amfani ne da dabarun kwarewa wajen sarrafa kwamfuta da manhajojin da take dauke dasu.  Ko dai ya zama manhaja ce da suke kora ta cikin uwa duniya, tana sarrafa kwamfutocin mutane ba tare da saninsu ba, don aiwatar da kutse cikin lalitar kasuwannin hada-hadar wadannan kudade, ko kuma ta rika sarrafa su don hako Bitcoin.  Wannan shi ake kira: “Botnets mining”.  Ko ya zama manhajar garkuwa da kwamfutoci suke aikawa, wato: “Ransomeware”, wacce ke zuwa ta kulle kwamfuta da dukkan abin da ke cikinta, ta aika bayanan neman fansa ga mai ita, har sai sun samu abin da suke so. Ko kuma, a wasu lokuta, suyi amfani da shafin yanar bogi, wato: “Phishing website”, don yaudarar mutane tare da karban bayanan da suka shafi ma’adanarsu ko lalitarsu.  Ko kuma su aika sakonnin Imel masu dauke da manhajar satar bayanai, duk wanda ya bude sai ta dasa kanta a kwamfuta ko wayar salularsa, ta rika nado bayanan da wayar ko kwamfutar ta kunsa, tana aika wa mai ita.