Fasahar 5G: Illolin Da Ake Hasashensu Daga Siginar 5G (3)

Hasashen Illoli Ga Lafiya

A baya sadda muke magana a kan nau’ukan titin sadarwar fasahar 5G, mun tabbatar da cewa cikin tituna uku da tsarin ke dauke dasu, ana iya dauka kowane tsari a dabbaka don fa’idantuwa dashi. Sannan galibin manyan fa’idojin da ake ta magana a kansu na fasahar 5G, duk suna babbar titi ne, wato: “High-Band 5G.” Wannan titi na karshe shi ke dauke da tsarin sadarwa ta hanyar makamashin haske mai saurin maimaituwa fiye da na baya. Kuma wannan ke nuna tsarin na gudanuwa ne a zango mafi nisa fiye da sauran. Wannan zango dai yana kadadar sadarwar Gigahaz 25 ne zuwa Gigahaz 37 (25GHz – 37GHz). Dukkan hanyoyi da na’urorin sadarwa na rediyo, da talabijin, da kuma wayar salula suna gudanuwa ne a zangon sadarwar nau’in hasken rediyo, wato: “Radio Frequency Band”.

A kimiyyance, saboda nisan wannan zango na sadarwa daga sararin samaniya zuwa inda muke rayuwa a nan kasa, yasa wannan sabuwar fasaha ta 5G take bukatar na’urorin yada yanayin sadarwa (“Radio Mast”, ko “Antenna”) masu yawa a wurare daban-daban. Domin iya nisan zangon sadarwa, iya takaituwan sadarwa da yawan bayanai, sannan iya karancin yadda na’urorin sadarwa a nan kasa ke iya riskar bayanan dake zangon. Shi yasa a duk inda aka fara amfani da wannan fasaha ta 5G, za ka samu na’urorin yada sadarwa masu dimbin yawa a wurare, yarbatsai! Domin akwai abubuwa da dama dake iya hana bayanai isowa kai tsaye, irin su hazo, da ruwan sama – musamman lokacin damina – da sauransu.

Fasahar 5G na amfani ne da wani tsarin aikawa da karbar bayanai mai suna: “Massive Multiple Input and Multiple Output” (ko “Massive MIMO” a gajarce), wanda ke aikawa da sakonni tsibi-tsibi ta hanyoyi daban-daban, a lokaci guda. Wannan tsari na MIMO kuwa, shi ke taimaka wa fasahar 5G wajen riskar yanayin sadarwa mai karfi (Strong network siginal) wajen karba ko aikawa da bayanai, ta amfani da wani tsari mai suna: “Beam forming”, wanda ke harba siginar sadarwa kai tsaye ga wayar salula ko kwamfuta, ba wai ta watsa a mahalli kowace kwamfuta ko wayar salula ta kamo da kanta ba. Abin da hakan ke nufi kuwa shi ne, sinadaran makamashin hasken sadarwa (radio radiation) zai yawaita cikin mahalli kenan, sama da yadda aka saba a baya. Kuma, kamar yadda wasu ke hasashe, hakan zai kawo cuturwa ga lafiyar al’ummar dake irin wannan mahalli. To amma ba haka lamarin yake ba a aikace.

Idan muka dubi hoton dake sama, akwai zango-zango har shida wadanda na sanya wa lambobi daga 1 zuwa 6. Wadannan su ne zangunan da bayaninsu ya gabata a makalar baya, inda na nuna cewa su ne nau’ukan zangunan dake dauke da tsarin gudun haske da maimaituwarsa da kuma yadda muke amfani dasu ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Tabbas cikin wadannan zangunan akwai wadanda nau’in hasken dake gudanuwa a cikinsu yake cutarwa; ko dai kai tsaye, ko a kaikaice. Lamba ta daya ita ce zangon dake dauke da siginar hasken rediyo, wato: “Radio Waves”. Kuma a sama za mu ga hotunan eriyar rediyo, da talabijin da kuma wayar salula. Wannan zango dai ya kasu kashi uku ne. Matakin farko shi ne zangon “AM”, inda hasken rediyo yake da karancin maimaituwa sosai, amma yake da fadin kadadar sadarwa. Wannan shi ake kira: “Extremely Low Frequency Radio Band”, ko “ELF”. A wannan zango ne ake yada shirye-shiryen tashoshin rediyo dake zangon “AM” da “MW” da kuma “SW”. Na biyu shi ne mai dauke da karancin maimaituwan siginar rediyo, amma ya dara na farko. Wannan shi ake kira: “Very Low Frequency Radio Band” ko “VLF”. A wannan zango ne ake yada shirye-shiryen tashoshin rediyon “FM” da kuma talabijin. Sai kuma bangare na uku wanda ke dauke da titin sadarwar rediyo ta wayar salula.

Idan muka dubi lamba ta biyu a hoton dake sama kuma, za mu ga hoton eriyar tauraron dan adam da ake amfani da ita a filayen jiragen sama, wato: “Radio”, wacce na’urar hango jirage (Aviation Traffic Controller) ke dogaro da ita don sadarwa da direbobin jiragen sama wajen sauka ko tashi. Wannan shi ne zangon dake dauke da hasken makamashin “Microwaves”, wanda dashi ake amfani wajen kera na’urar dumama ko dafa abinci, wato: “Microwave” kenan. Sai lamba ta uku dake zangon hasken “Infra-red”. Wannan zango ne ke dauke da nau’in hasken da ake amfani dashi wajen kera na’urar “Remote Control”, ko rimot da muke amfani da ita wajen baiwa talabijin ko kwamfuta umarni daga nesa. Tsakanin lamba ta uku da ta hudu kuma akwai shamaki mai dauke da launin ja da kuma rayawa ko shudi a daya bangaren. Wannan shi ne zangon dake dauke da nau’in hasken da idon dan adam ke iya gani, wato: “Visible Light”, kamar yadda yake rubuce a kasa.

Zangon “Visible light” ya kasu kashi biyu ne; akwai bangaren dake dauke da haske zalla. Wannan shi ne nau’in hasken da muke gani kafin rana ta fito, ko bayan ta fadi, kafin shigan dare. Wasu masana suka ce hatta hasken rana da muke iya jure shi, kuma muke amfani dashi wajen busar da abubuwa ko samun makamashin rayuwa ga shuke-shuke (Photosynthesis), duk ya shiga cikin wannan nau’i na haske. Daga wannan nau’in haske ne ake samar da makamashin hasken kwan lantarki (Light bulb). Abin da wannan ke nufi shi ne, makamashin hasken lantarki ya fi samar da makamashin haske fiye da na wayar salula ko talabijin ko rediyo, nesa ba kusa ba. Sai nau’in haske na biyu, wato: “Ultraviolet Light” (ko “UVL”), wanda gundarin hasken rana ne, ba tataccen haske irin wanda yake riskarmu kai tsaye ba – asalin gundarin makamashin hasken kenan, kashi 100 dinsa, wanda wannan duniyar ba ta iya daukarsa.

Sai lamba ta biyar, wato: “X-Ray Light” kenan. Wanda dashi ake kera na’urar “X-Ray Machine” da ake amfani da ita a asibitocin kashi dake duniya. Sai lamba ta shida mai dauke da zangon “Gamma Rays”. Nau’in makamashin haske ne da ake amfani dashi wajen kera makamashin nukiliya, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a makalar baya.

Idan muka sake kallon hoton dake wannan shafi, za mu ga a rabe yake gida biyu. Bangaren farko na dauke da zanguna guda uku wadanda idon dan adam ba ya iya ganin nau’in hasken dake cikinsu – zangon sadarwar rediyo, da na “Microwaves”, da kuma na “Infra-red”. Wadannan zanguna, dukkan Malaman kimiyyar makamashi, ta hanyar gwaji da nazarin ilimi, sun tabbatar da cewa makamashin dake fitowa daga gare su wajen isar da sako ko aiwatar da wasu ayyuka, duk ba ya cutarwa. Wannan shi ake kira: “Non-ionizing Radiation”.
A bangare na biyu kuma akwai zanguna guda uku shi ma – zangon dake dauke da nau’in hasken da idon dan adam ke iya gani, wato: makamashin tatacce da gundarin hasken rana, da zangon makamashin “X-Ray”, da kuma zangon makamashin “Gamma Rays.” Malaman kimiyya sun yi ittifaki kan cewa nau’in makamashin hasken dake gudanuwa a zangon makamashin “Gamma rays” yana cutarwa kai tsaye babu tantama. Amma sun yi sabani wajen ko makamashin hasken dake zangon hasken rana da na makamashin “X-ray” na cutarwa ko a a. Zance mafi rinjaye shi ne, ba sa cutarwa. Wannan nau’in makamashi mai cutarwa shi ake kira: “Ionizing Radiation.”