Web 3.0: Fasahar “Blockchain” (3)

Asali da Samuwar Fasahar “Blockchain”

A baya na ambaci cewa tsarin hada-hadar kudade na zamani a Intanet mai suna: “Croptocurrency” ko “Digital Currency” (musamman nau’in kudin Bitcoin), yana gudanuwa ne a saman manhajar fasahar “Blockchain”.  Da wannan ne wasu ma ke ganin kamar Bitcoin shi ne hakikanin fasahar “Blockchain”.  Wannan ba haka yake ba.

Fasahar “Blockchain” madauki ne, ko ince mahalli ne mai dauke da kariya kuma mai cin gashin kansa, inda duk masu neman kariya da aminci na bayanai, da gamewar tsari ke zuwa don samun natsuwa.  Asalin wadanda suka samar da tunanin wannan fasaha dai su ne Mista Stuart Haber da kuma Scott W. Storuatta, manyan masana fannin lissafi a daga cikin manyan jami’o’in Amurka.  A cikin shekarar 1991 ne suka fitar da wata Makalar bincike wadda a ciki suka yi bayanin hanyar samar da wani tsarin samarwa da taskance bayanai wanda zai dogara ga tsarin tantancewa ta hanyar tairihi ko rubutaccen lokacin da aka kirkira ko taskance bayanan.  Wannan, shi ake kira: “Time-stamp” a harshen fasahar sadarwa na zamani.

Sadda muka gama nazari da fitar da wannan makalar bincike dai ba a dabbaka sakamakon binciken a aikace ba.  Har sai cikin shekarar 2008, lokacin da wani majahulin malami mai suna: “Nakamoto” ya fitar da Makala kan yadda za a iya samar da wani sabon nau’in kudi da za a kirkira, a aika, kuma ayi amfani dashi ta hanyar hanyoyi da na’urorin sadarwa na zamani tsakanin mutum-da-mutum, kai tsaye.  A cikn makalar ne yayi ishara ga fasahar “Blockchain” a matsayin madauki ko magudanar da za a iya amfani da ita wajen aiwatar da wannan sabon tsari na hada-hadar kudade.

Wannan ke tabbatar da cewa, Bitcoin wani abu ne daban, kamar yadda fasahar “Blockchain” ita ma wata fasaha ce ta daban.  Alakar dake tsakaninsu kawai ita ce, a saman fasahar “Blockchain” ne fasahar Bitcoin ke gudanuwa.  Kuma wannan tsari ne ya dada bai wa tsarin Kirifto karbuwa a idon masu ta’ammali dashi.  Saboda kariya, da tsaro, da kuma cin gashin kai wajen mu’amala.

Cin Moriyar Fasahar “Blockchain”

Cin Moriyar fasahar “Blockchain” bai takaitu ga amfani da ita wajen hada-hadar sabon nau’in kudaden hanyoyin sadarwa kadai ba.  A a, ko kadan.  Wannan daya ne daga cikin hanyoyin cin moriyar fasahar.  Daga cikin wadannan hanyoyi akwai tsarin amfani da ita a bankuna, don taskance bayanan jama’a, da kuma tsarin aikawa da karban kudade cikin sauki.  Karkashin wannan fanni har wa yau, ana iya amfani da fasahar “Blockchain” wajen hada-hadar kasuwancin hannun jari, wato: “Stock market transactions.”  Sannan kamfanonin hada-hadar kudi ta hanyar fasahar sadarwa ma na iya gina manhajoji a sanan wannan tsari, don baiwa abokan huldarsu damar aiwatar da kasuwanci cikin sauki.  Wannan tsari duk yana karkashin cin moriyar fasahar “Blockchain” ne a bangaren kudi.  Kuma shi ake kira: “Decentralized Finance Apps”, ko “DeFi Apps”.

Haka nan cikin hanyoyin cin moriyar wannan fasaha akwai amfani da ita wajen kirkirar hajojin fasaha da ake iya taskance su da sayar dasu ta kafofin sadarwa na zamani. Wadannan su ake kira: “Non-Fungible Tokens” ko “NFTs” a harshen fasahar sadarwa na zamani.  Hajoji ne da suka kunshi zane, ko taswira, ko wasu kayayyaki na fasaha wadanda babu wanda ya taba kirkirar irinsu ko a duniya, kuma babu wanda zai mallake su sai ta hannun wanda ya samar dasu.  Ana amfani da fasahar “Blockchain” don taskance su, da hana ‘yan dandatsa isa gare su cikin sauki.

Hanya mafi girma da inganci na cin moriyar fasahar “Blockchain” ita ta amfani da manhajar “Smart Contract”.  Wannan manhaja ce dai hanya ce da ake kirkira a kan fasahar “Blockchain”, mai dauke da ka’idojin yarjejeniyar kasuwanci, wadanda da zarar an gina su cikin manhajar, kai tsaye za su rika gudanuwa; ba a bukatar lauya wajen sake rubuta su, sannan ba a bukatar bibiyar abokin mu’amalar kasuwanci.  Ta wannan tsari ne kamfanoni a duniya suka fara samar da wasu sababbin hajoji na kasuwanci, wadanda kai tsaye za ka iya hawa shafinsu don isa garesu da kulla alaka da su.

Ana amfani da manhajar “Smart Contract” wajen rajistar inshora, da taskance bayanan marasa lafiya a asibitoci, da yin rajistar lasisin motoci, da taskance bayanan kadarorin jama’a, da taskance bayanan da suka shafi kayayyakin abinci da wasu kamfanoni ke yin odarsu tun daga gona har zuwa inda za a sarrafa su.  Bayan haka, a wasu kasashe tuni an fara amfani da manhajar wajen taskance bayanan fulotai da ke karkashin hukumomi.

A karshe dai, kasar Amurka ta fara amfani da wannan tsari na “Smart Contract” wajen zabe.  Ma’ana, hukumar zabe na iya amfani da wannan tsari, ta baiwa kowane dan kasa da ya isa jefa kuri’a, damar yin hakan, ta hanyar bashi kwandala guda, misali, ko token kamar yadda ake kiransu. Sannan a yi rajistan dukkan ‘yan takaran da ake son zabansu, a baiwa kowannensu adireshi ko lambar taska.  A ranar zabe, sai ka hau shafin jefa kuri’a kawai, ka dauki wannan kwandala da hukumar zabe ta baka, ka aika wa wanda kake son zabe.  Ka jefa masa kuri’a kenan.

Bayan an gama jefa kuri’a, tsarin tantance bayanai dake dauke a fasahar “Blockchain” din ne zai tarkato dukkan kwandalolin da aka jefa wa ‘yan Takara, sannan ya kididdige su.  Abin da aka jefa shi kawai za a gani.  Sannan ba wanda zai iya jefa kuri’a biyu.  Ko jefa wa mutane biyu a matsayi daya, ko kuma yunkurin canza wanda ya zaba. Dukkan matsalolin da muke fuskanta wajen jefa kuri’a za su kau.

A takaice, wannan kadan ne cikin abin da za a iya yi da wannan fasaha ta “Blockchain”, kuma kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, tana cikin jerin fasahohin da zasu jagoranci kawo sauyi a wannan saha ta sadarwa.