Ranar talata, 2 ga watan Yuli ne dai Mista Douglas C. Engelbart, wanda shi ne ya kirkiri fasahar “Beran Kwamfuta,” ko Computer Mouse ya rasu. Ya bar duniya yana da shekaru 88. Duk da rashin shaharar sunansa a duniya musamman a fagen ci gaban fasahar sadarwar zamani – na kwamfuta, da wayar salula, da abin da ya shafi hada alaka a tsakaninsu wajen sadarwa – Mista Douglas ya yi tasiri mai karfin gaske, a boye, wajen ci gaban kusan dukkan wata sabuwar hanyar sadarwar zamani a yau. Amma ko kadan ba ka jin sunansa sai an zo bayani kan asalin wanda ya kirkiri shahararriyar na’urar mu’amala da kwamfuta da a yanzu ake kira da suna Computer Mouse a harshen turancin zamani, ko “Beran Kwamfuta,” a hausar kimiyyar sadarwar zamani.
Kafin kirkirar wannan na’ura ko fasaha ta “Beran Kwamfuta,” Mista Douglas ya yi aiki da hukumar sojin ruwa na kasar Amurka, amma a bangaren harkar sadarwa. Shi ne wanda ke lura da babbar na’urar hangen abokan gaba na jirgin ruwa, wato Electronic Radar, a lokacin Yakin Duniya na biyu. Bayan yakin ya lafa yayi ritaya, inda ya koma Cibiyar Binciken Kimiyya na jami’ar Standfod, wato Standford Research Institute, a shekarar 1950. A wannan cibiyar bincike ne ya fara aiki kan wannan na’urar Beran Kwamfuta, lokacin da yake taimakawa wajen samar da tsarin mu’amala da kwamfuta mai sauki, wato Graphical User Interface. Bayan kirkirar wannan na’ura ta Beran Kwamfuta sai ya nufi Hukumar don a masa rajistar Hakkin Mallakar wannan fasaha, wato Patent, a shekarar 1960.
Asalin na’urar farko da ya kirkira na katako ne, mai dauke da wayar sadarwa daga bayanta (ba kamar yadda na yanzu suke dauke da waya ta gaba ba). Wannan na’ura dai tana dauke ne da maballai guda biyu (wato Mouse Clicks), da kuma tayar gangarawa ko haurawa farkon shafi guda daya. Wannan na’ura na Beran Kwamfuta bata shahara ba sosai, domin a lokacin kwamfutoci suna da matukar girman gaske – guda daya na iya kai girman daki guda – sannan ba kowa ke iya sarrafa su ko mu’amala da su ba sai wane-da-wane. A lokacin nan kamfanin Xerox PARC ne kadai ya rika makala wa kwamfutocinsa. Daga baya kuma sai kamfanin Apple shi ma ya biyo sahu, inda ya rika sanya wa kwamfutocinsa da ya kirkira mai suna LISA, a shekarar 1983.
- Adv -
Kamar yadda masu karatu suka sani yanzu, wannan na’ura dai ana kiranta da suna Computer Mouse ko “Beran Kwamfuta” a harshen Hausa, sai dai kuma wannan dan taliki ba shi bane ya sanya wa wannan fasaha wannan suna ba. In kuwa haka ne, to wa ya sanya wa fasahar suna? An masa tambaya makamancinyar wannan sadda yake raye, da kuma cewa ya aka yi wannan na’ura ke dauke da wayar sadarwa a gaba maimakon baya, kuma ga abin da yace: “Ba wanda zai iyi tuna wanda ya sa wa wannan fasaha wannan suna. (Sannan), wadda muka fara kerawa a dakin bincike na dauke ne da wayar sadarwa ta baya. Daga baya cikin kankanin lokaci ne muka gane cewa hakan da matsala, sai muka canja zuwa gaba.” Wannan ke nuna cewa guguwar ci gaban kimiyyar sadarwar kwamfuta ne ya rutsa da ita, inda har yawan mu’amala da kuma kamaiceceniya suka sa wani ya lakkana wa fasahar sunanta na yanzu. Wannan ba wani abin mamaki bane musamman ga duk wanda ya san tarihin ci gaban kere-kere a fannin kimiyyar sadarwar zamani.
A nasa bangaren, sadda yake jimamin rashin wannan dan taliki, shugaban kamfanin Apple Mista Steve Wozniak ya tabbatar da cewa tallafin da marigayi Douglas ya bayar a fannin ci gaban sadarwar zamani ya wuce abin da aka sani na samar da ko kirkirar fasahar Beran kwamfuta, ya kara da cewa: “Ina matukar kaunarsa sosai. Yana da hannu wajen ci gaban duk wani abin da ake takama da shi a yau kan ci gaban kwamfuta. Ya dai fi shahara ne da fasahar Beran Kwamfuta da ya kirkira, amma ya yi tasiri matuka wajen inganta tsarin mu’amala da kwamfuta, da kuma tsarin musayar bayanai tsakanin kwamfutoci (wato Networking).”
Bayan aiki da Cibiyar Binciken Kimiyya na jami’ar Standfod, Mista Douglas ya yi aiki har wa yau da hukumar da ta samar da fasahar Intanet a karo na farko, wato ARPANET cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. Har wa yau yana cikin wadanda yi aiki tukuru wajen samar da tsarin aiwatar da taro ta hanyar sadarwar bidiyo na farko, wato Video Teleconferencing, a shekarar 1968. Dangane da haka Wozniak ya sake kayar da baki yace: “Tallafinsa wajen inganta tsarin sadarwa a tsakanin kwamfutoci ma ya fi tallafin da ya bayar wajen samar da fasahar Beran Kwamfuta. Ya dade cikin tunani kan yadda a kullum za a iya warware matsaloli ta amfani da kwamfuta, tare da habbaka fasahar ita kanta, shekaru aru-aru kafin masu irin wannan tunani a zamanin yau.”
Kafin rasuwarsa, Mista Douglas ya samu kyaututtuka da dama sanadiyyar tallafin da ya bayar wajen ci gaban fasahar sadarwar zamani. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kyaututtuka sun hada da kyautar kwarewa a fasahar sadarwa ta kasa, wato: National Medal of Technology Award. Da kyautar hadin gwiwa ta Lemelson da jami’ar binciken kimiyya ta Massachussetes, wato Lemelson-MIT Award. Sai kuma kyautar marigayi Turing, wato Turin Award. Duk da rashin shahararsa, tasirin Mista Douglas ga fannin kimiyyar sadarwar zamani ba zai taba boyuwa ba, kuma tarihin wannan ci gaba ba zai taba cika ba tare da ambatonsa ba, musamman wajen samar da wannan fasaha ta Beran Kwamfuta da ta canza tsarin mu’amala da kayayyakin sadarwar zamani musamman kwamfuta, wadda ya kira: “Daya daga cikin abubuwan da nan gaba za su taimaka wajen mikawa da karban bayanai.”
- Adv -
