Matsayin Tsarin “Cashless” A Yau

Matsayin Tsarin “Cashless” a Yau

Ta la’akari da alƙaluman bayanai da suke fitowa daga ɓangarorin dake da ruwa da tsaki wajen gudanar da wannan tsari na “Cashless”, za a iya cewa an samu ci gaba sosai, tun daga sadda aka fara aiwatar da tsarin a shekarar 2012 zuwa yau (Afrailu, 2023).  Duk da cewa da yawa cikin mutane sun ɗauka wannan tsari ya fara aiki ne a shekarar da ta gabata, sadda babban banki ya sanar da canja takardun kuɗi.  Sai dai ba haka lamarin yake ba.  A taƙaice ma dai, tunanin canja takardun kuɗaɗe ba shi da alaƙa da tsarin “Cashless” a yadda aka tsaro abin tun farko.  Zan yi ƙarin bayani kan haka a makon dake tafe.

Za mu iya ganin ci gaban da aka samu ta hanyoyi da tsare-tsaren da babban banki, ta haɗin gwiwa da sauran kamfanonin hada-hadar kuɗaɗe, ya samar tare da aiwatar dasu daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.  Ga wasu daga cikin hanyoyin da kuma ci gaban da aka samu.

Ɓangaren POS da ATM

Daga shekarar 2012 zuwa 2023 an samu bunƙasa da haɓakar amfani da na’urar POS da ATM, waɗanda bankuna suka samar ga masu buƙata kai tsaye.  A halin yanzu akwai na’urar POS kusan miliyan ɗaya, da na’urar ATM guda 14,000.  Sannan an samu wakilan hada-hadar kuɗi da ake kira “Super Agents”, guda miliyan ɗaya da dubu ɗari huɗu.

Dangane da abin da ya shafi yawan kuɗaɗen da aka yi hada-hadarsu kuma, a shekarar 2012 gaba ɗaya kimar kuɗaɗen da aka yi musayarsu ta wannan hanya basu wuce naira biliyan arba’in da takawai ba.  Amma a yau (2023) an aiwatar da hada-hadar kuɗaɗe da ƙimarsu ta kai naira tiriliyon shida (N6tr).

Tsarin Aika Kuɗi ta Intanet (Electronic Fund Transfer)

Daga cikin hanyoyi masu tasiri da aka samar don ɗabbaƙa wannan tsari akwai tsarin aika kuɗaɗe ta hanyar Intanet, abin da ake kira: “Electronic Fund Transfer”.  Wannan hanya ta shafi amfani da manhajar banki ne ko kamfanonin hada-hadar kuɗaɗe wajen aikawa da karɓan kuɗi kai tsaye ba tare da wani ɓata lokaci ba.  A shekarar 2012, sadda wannan tsari yake jariri, naira tiriliyon uku kacal aka yi musayarsu.  Ya zuwa watan Oktoba na shekarar 2022, anyi musayar kuɗaɗen da ƙimarsa ta kai tiriliyon ɗari uku (N300tr), wato biliyan dubu ɗari uku kenan.  Wannan ke nuna yadda ta’ammali da takardun kuɗi ke raguwa tsakanin jama’a, sanadiyyar dabarun da ake amfani dasu wajen taƙaita hakan.

Amfani da Wayar Salula

Daga cikin hanyoyin ɗabbaƙa wannan tsari na “Cashless” akwai haɗin gwiwa da aka yi da kamfanonin wayar salula don samar da yanayin sadarwa (Network) mai kyau, sannan da baiwa kamfanonin hada-hadar kuɗi ta wayar salula (Mobile Money Financial Institutions) lasisi don aiwatar da tsarin hada-hadar kuɗi ta wayar salula, musamman ga waɗanda ke da ƙananan wayoyi.  A shekarar 2012 layukan wayoyin salula a Najeriya duk basu shige miliyan hamsin ba.  Amma ya zuwa shekarar 2022, alƙaluman bayanai daga hukumar sadarwar wayar salula ta ƙasa (National Communications Commission – NCC), sun tabbatar da ana da layukan wayar salula masu rai sama da miliyan ɗari da hamsin da biyu (152mil).  Yawaitan waɗannan layuka a birane da ƙauyuka ya daɗa taimakawa wajen sauƙaƙe hanyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi sosai a Najeriya.

Bayan amfani da manhajojin hada-hadar kuɗi na bankuna (Online Banking Mobile Apps), akwai tsarin USSD wanda bayaninsa ya gabata.  Galibi an fi amfani dashi musamman wajen sayan katin waya, da data na Intanet, da kuma aika ƙananan kuɗaɗen da basu shige dubu ashirin ba.

Shigar Da Matasa Tsarin Banki

Daga cikin matsalolin dake daƙushe tsarin hada-hadar kuɗi musamman na banki a Najeriya, akwai ƙarancin masu rajista da bankuna, musamman a Arewacin Najeriya.  A shekarar 2017 wani kamfani mai suna EFiNa, wanda kamfani ne dake bincike kan gamewar tsarin hada-hadar kuɗi a ƙasashe masu tasowa, ya yi bincike na musamman inda a ƙarshe ya tabbatar  da cewa kusan kashi 70 na matasa a Najeriya ba su da taskar ajiya a banki.  Abin da wannan ke nufi kuwa shi ne, galibin jama’a na gudanar da hada-hadar kuɗi ne ta amfani da takardun kuɗi kai tsaye.  Wannan yasa hukumomi da kamfanonin hada-hadar kuɗaɗe a Najeriya suka fara wayar da kan mutane musamman a kafafen sadarwa na rediyo, sannan babban banki ya umarci bankuna da samar da hanyoyi masu sauƙi wajen bude taskar ajiya a bankuna.

Zuwa shekarar 2020 adadin matasa masu ajiya a bankuna a Najeriya ya haura zuwa kashi 45 cikin 100.  A halin yanzu kuma, alƙaluman bayanai sun tabbatar da cewa kason matasa masu taskar ajiya a bankuna sun kai kashi 64 cikin 100 a Najeriya.  Inda ake da ƙaranci sosai a arewa maso gabas ne, inda har yanzu ake da sama da kashi 34 na matasa marasa rajista da bankuna.

A hasashen Babban bankin Najeriya (CBN), yana sa ran zuwa shekara ta 2024, kashi 95 cikin 100 na matasan Najeriya ya zama suna da taskar ajiya a bankuna, a ƙalla.