Tsarin Sadarwar Wayar Salula (4)

Tsarin Bugawa da Karban Kira ko “Text”

Kana rike da wayar salularka mai dauke da lambar MTN misali, a zangon (Cell Tower da ke) Unguwa uku, sai ka buga ma abokin ka da ke wani wuri don son yin Magana dashi.  Kada mu fadi sunan bigiren da yake a yanzu.  Kana bugawa,  Base Transceiver Station (BTS), wato  na’urar da ke aikawa da sako tsakanin wayar salular ka da ke wannan kadadan sadarwa zuwa tashar Cell Tower da ke wannan wuri ta dauki wannan sako ko bukata taka, ta mika ma na’urar Switching Center, wato babban zango mai dauke da manyan bangarorin da bayanansu suka gabata a sama.  Ita kuma Switching Center sai ta lalubo bangaren Home Location Register don sanin ko wanda kake son Magana dashi yana zangon da kake ne ko kuma a wani zango daban yake.  Ko kuma shigowa yayi a matsayin “bako”.  Idan bako ne shi, ma’ana ba a wannan zangon lambarsa take, sai Home Location Register ta binciko kundin adana lambobin baki da suka shigo wannan zango, wato Visitor Location Register, don nemo wannan lamba da kake nema na abokinka.

Amma idan a zango daya kuke dashi, to ba sai ma taje Visitor Location Register ba; daga Home Location Register kawai za ta sheda mai lambar.  To da zarar an samu lambar, sai Mobile Switching Center ta cilla ma bangaren Equipment Identity Register, wacce aikin tan e taskance dukkan wayoyin salular da ke dauke da lambobin sadarwan wannan kamfani, don tabbatar da cewa wayar abokinka ta cika ka’idar sadarwa na lambobin da muka kawo bayanansu a sama, da kuma cewa ko an kera wayar a tsarin ka’idojin sadarwa ta duniya ko a a.  Idan ta samu wayar na dauke da alamun “Invalid”, sai ta mayar da wannan bukata taka, cewa baza ta iya sadar da kai ta wannan waya ba.  Amma idan garau wayar take, ta kuma cika ka’ida, to sai babban zango, wato na’urar Mobile Switching Center ta mika sakon ka kai tsaye, sai yaji wayarsa ta fara bugawa; kai ma za ka ji haka, a naka bangaren.  Sai sadarwa ya wakana a tsakaninku.  Duk wannan kai-komo na iya samuwa ne cikin kasa da dakiku goma (10 seconds), muddin babu wata matsala a yanayin sadarwa, wato Network.

To amma watakil mai karatu zai ce mai yasa wasu lokuta ga-ka-ga-mutum, idan ka buga layinsa sai ace baka baya nan; alhali wayar sa a kunne take, kuma ta cika dukkan ka’idojin da ake bukata?  Hakan na faruwa ne daga tsarin sadarwan kamfanin, musamman idan yanayin sadarwan na yin sama da kasa.  Kada mu mance, nace mana tsarin sadarwa ta hanyar salula na samuwa ne ta hanyar siginar rediyo, wanda kuma ta hanyoyin wayar-iska yake bi.  In kuwa haka ne, ashe akwai watakilancin samuwan tsaiko wasu lokuta.  Ka kwatanta hakan da irin ingancin sautin rediyo da kake ji a wasu lokuta daban-daban.  Me yasa wasu ke kama tashar rediyon Kaduna garau, amma wasu sai sun fita kofar gida kafin su samu.  Hakan ya ta’allaka ne da abubuwa biyu; na farko shi ne ingancin yanayi ko gyaruwansa, dangane da iskan da ke bugawa a sararin samaniya.

Bicike ya nuna akwai alaka na kut-da-kut tsakanin sakonnin da ke bin hanyoyin iska a sararin samaniya, da kuma irin yanayin da ke wannan bigire.  Idan akwai hadari kuma ana cida da walkiya, yanayin sadarwa musamman ta rediyo kan samu matsala.  Haka ma sadarwa ta Intanet, ta kan samu matsala.  Hatta masu kallon tashoshin tauraron dan Adam ta NileSat, sukan samu matsala da zarar an fara ruwa.  Wannan kenan.  Abu na biyu kuma shi ne inganci ko nau’in na’urar da ke aikawa ko karban wannan sako.  A yayin da tashoshin NileSat ke yayyankewa idan aka fara ruwa ko hadari ya hadu, masu kallon tashoshin DSTV basu samun wannan matsala ko kadan.  Me yasa?  Don tsarin NileSat na cafke siginar sa ne ta amfani da tauraron dan Adam nau’in KU-Band.

Su kuma kamfanin DSTV na amfani da tauraron dan Adam mai cafko bayanai nau’in C-band, wanda yanayin iska da ke sararin samaniya baya cikakken tasiri a kansa.  Wannan ta sa za ka ga masu wayar salula nau’in Nokia sun fi kowa samun yanayin sadarwa mai kyau, fiye da masu amfani da wayar Motorola.  Idan kaje in da babu yanayi mai kyau, baza ka samu matsala ba muddin wayar Nokia kake da ita.  Amma Motorola ta dinga maka tsowa kenan, don sanar da kai cewa “yanayi ya dauke”, “yanayi ya dawo”.  A gafarce ni, ba talla nake ma kamfanin Nokia ba, kawai misali nake bayarwa.  Wadannan sune manyan dalilai biyu da ke haddasa samun matsalar sadarwa.  Amma bayan wadannan, babu wani matsala kuma sai wanda ya ta’allaka da wanda kake son samu; ko dai ya zama yana Magana da wani a yayin da ka buga masa, sai a ce maka “Network Busy”.  Ko kuma ya zama wayar san a kashe a lokacin da ka kira.

Kammalawa

A yau dai mun kawo karshen wannan silsila da muka faro makonni kusan tara da suka gabata kan tsarin sadarwa a tsakanin kayayyakin sadarwa da kuma yanayin da suke isar da sakonnin.  Mun fara da kwamfuta, muka zo kan Imel.  A halin yanzu muka karkare da wayar salula.  Ban ce mun yi bayani a kan komai da komai ba.  Akwai abubuwa da dama da muka bari ko dai da saninmu ko kuma cikin kuskure.  Ilimi na da fadi.  Don haka idan akwai wata tunasarwa da ta kamata ai mana, yana da kyau a aiko, sai mu duba.  In ma ta kama mu buga ne a nan, sai a buga, tare da bayani idan mai bukatar bayani ne.

A mako mai zuwa za mu yi zama don yin waiwaye adon tafiya kashi na uku.  Sai an ji ni.