Tsarin “Cashless” Da Hanyoyin Inganta Shi a Najeriya (1)

Mabuɗin Kunnuwa

Kalmar “Cashless”, duk da kasancewarta kalma ce mai asali daga harshen Turanci, wacce ba kowane ɗan boko bane zai iya maka bayanin ma’anarta ba a ma’anance, yanzu ta zama ruwan dare a bakunan mutane a Najeriya; tsakanin arewa zuwa kudancin ƙasar baki ɗaya.  Wasu sun san haƙiƙanin ma’anarta, wasu kuma sun jahilci me take nufi.  Furta kalmar kawai ake yi saboda ita ce kalmar yayi, kuma kalmar da jinta kaɗai kan jefa da dama cikin mutane cikin damuwa da baƙin ciki.  A tare da cewa ba manufar Babban bankin ƙasa ne ɓata wa mutane rai ba wajen samar da wannan tsari na “Cashless”.

Ranar Laraba, 26 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 2022 ne Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN), Mista Godwin Emefiele, ya sanar da ‘yan Najeriya cewa zuwa 31 ga watan Janairu na shekarar 2023 za a daina amfani da takardun kuɗi ‘yan Naira dubu ɗaya (₦1,000), da Naira Ɗari Biyar (₦500), da kuma takardar Naira Ɗari Biyu (₦200).  Kuma a makwafinsu za a buga sababbin takardun kuɗaɗe don ci gaba da amfani dasu.  Waɗannan sababbin takardun kuɗaɗe dai, a cewar Mista Emefiele, za a fara amfani dasu ne daga ranar 15 ga watan Disamba, 2022.

Daga cikin dalilan da ya bayar na wannan sauyin ba-zata, akwai lura da bankin yayi na yadda ake buga jabun waɗannan takardun kuɗaɗe da yake son canzawa, da kuma yawan takardun kuɗaɗe dake hannun mutane, wanda ya fi kashi 3 cikin 4 kuɗaɗen dake bankuna.  Hakan kuma, a cewar Gwamnan, yake bai wa ‘yan ta’adda damar yin garkuwa da mutane don karɓan kuɗin fansa da dai sauransu.  Sai dai kafin ya gama jawabinsa, ya tabbatar da cewa, dukkan waɗannan matakai bankin zai ɗaukesu ne don ƙarfafa tsarin “Cashless” da ya fara aiwatarwa, don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin hada-hadar kuɗaɗe a Najeriya.

Daga sadda Mista Emefiele yayi wannan jawabi zuwa yanzu dai, masu karatu sun san abubuwa da suka gudana.  Amma a namu ɓangare za mu yi bayani ne dalla-dalla kan wannan tsari na “Cashless”; yaushe ya faro?  Me yasa aka ƙirƙireshi tun farko?  Wasu manufofi ake son cinma wa? Alfanun me za a samu?  Wasu hanyoyi aka bi a baya wajen ɗabbaƙa wannan tsari?  Mene ne tasirinsa ga rayuwar al’umma baki ɗaya?  Su wa da wa ke da ruwa da tsaki cikin lamarin?  Kuma a ƙarshe, me ya haddasa matsalar ƙarancin takardun kuɗaɗe kuma a wani hali ake ciki yanzu?

Na zaɓi yin magana kan wannan maudu’i ne saboda alaƙar dake tsakanin wannan tsari na “Cashless” da ci gaban tsarin sadarwa na zamani a Najeriya.  Wanda, kamar yadda mai karatu zai gani a ƙarshen wannan maƙala mai ɗan tsayi, samun ingantance kuma nagartaccen tsarin “Cashless” da zai tabbatar da manufofin da aka ƙirƙireshi don tabbatarwa, yana buƙatar nagartacciyar alaƙa mai tasiri tsakanin fannin hada-hadar kuɗaɗe na zamani, da tsarin sadarwa na zamani.  Kuma manufar wannan maƙala, kamar sauran maƙalolin da ake bugawa a wannan shafi, ita ce fahimtarwa da ilmantarwa da kuma nishaɗantarwa a ilmance.  Ba rubutu ne da yazo don goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya ko CBN ba, ko kuma goyon bayan waɗanda ke adawa da wannan tsari ba, ko goyon bayan kwamacalar da ake ciki yanzu sanadiyyar wasu matsaloli na siyasa ko zamantakewa da suka cakuɗu da wannan tsari ba.

Yaushe Aka Fara Tsarin “Cashless” a Najeriya?

Kalmar “Cashless” dai, a ma’ana ta zahirin lafazi, na nufin rashin amfani da takardun kuɗaɗe ne na zahiri.  Amma a ma’anance, kalmar na ishara ne ga tsarin da zai samar da hanyoyin aiwatar da cinikayya – saye da sayarwa, da biyan kuɗaɗe ko karɓansu – ta amfani da na’urori da hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani, don rage dogaro a mafi rinjayen lokaci, daga amfani da takardun kuɗaɗe.  Don haka, saɓanin yadda wasu suke fahimta cewa bankin CBN na son a daina amfani da takardun kuɗaɗe ne gaba ɗaya, wannan kuskuren fahimta ce.  A tsarin “Cashless”, kusan kashi sama da 70 na hada-hadar kuɗaɗe ana aiwatar dasu ne ta amfani da na’urori da hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani.

Saɓanin yadda wasu ke riyawa cewa Emifiele ne ya ƙirƙiri wannan tsari na “Cashless”, wannan tsari ya samo asali ne a shekarar 2012, shekaru 10 da suka gabata kenan.  Kuma wanda ya ƙirƙiro wannan tsari shi ne tsohon Gwamnan CBN kuma tsohon Sarkin Kano Malam Sanusi Lamiɗo Sanusi.  Bayan Malam Sanusi Lamiɗo Sanusi ya kama aiki a matsayin Gwamnan CBN a shekarar 2009, yayi yunƙurin kawo sauye-sauye da dama da za su taimaka wajen inganta tsarin tattalin arziƙin Najeriya ta amfani da fannin hada-hadar kuɗi na zamani.  Daga cikin tsare-tsaren da ya kawo akwai wannan tsari na “Cashless”, wanda a lokacin ake kira: “The Cashless Policy”.